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深

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 探
深 U+6DF1, 深
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DF1
← 淰
[U+6DF0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 淲 →
[U+6DF2]

Translingual

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Stroke order
11 strokes

Han character

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深 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水月金木 (EBCD), four-corner 37194, composition ⿰氵罙)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17687
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1034, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1662, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6DF1

Chinese

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trad. 深
simp. # 深
alternative forms 㴱
罙
𰜿

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (罙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
探 *l̥ʰuːm, *l̥ʰuːms
棎 *ɦljom
賝 *l̥ʰum
琛 *l̥ʰum
穼 *srum
深 *hljum, *hljums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljum, *hljums) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 𥥍 ().

Etymology

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Unger (1995) that 深 (shēn) had Old Chinese initial *n- because of 淰 (shěn)'s phonetic component 念 (niàn).

Schuessler (2007) reconstructs 深 (OC *nhəm) & proposes relations to Mizo hniam (“to be low, to sink into (land)”), Burmese နိမ့် (nim., “low”), Tangkhul Naga [script needed] (kʰənim, “to be humble”), Tibetan ནེམས་ (nems, “sink a little, give way”), which Schuessler traces to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *nem (“low”), which STEDT in turn derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(i/u)(ː)p/m ~ *r/s-nyap/m (“pinch, squeeze; press, oppress; submerge, sink into, west, low, soft”). If so, 深 (OC *nhəm) is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan.

Schuessler also notices 深 (OC *nhəm)'s similarity to 沉 (OC *d-ləm), which he considers to be an areal etymon.

Possibly cognate with 探 (tàn) and 揇 (nǎn) (however, see there).

深 (OC *nhəms), "depth" (in Rites of Zhou) & whence MC ɕiɪmH, is nominal derivation with suffix *-s (> departing tone).

淰 (OC *nhəmʔ), "be startled and flee (of fish); i.e. to sink into the deep" (in Liji) & whence Mandarin shěn, is endoactive derivative with *-ʔ (> rising tone).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chhim - vernacular;
  • sim - literary.
Note:
  • cim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • cing1 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 深
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən²¹/
/sən²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʃə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²¹/
Xining /ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂən³¹/
Hefei /ʂən²¹/
/ʈ͡ʂʰən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ɕian¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən³³/
Xiangtan /ʂən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰəm⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃʰem²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /sɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sim⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰim³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sim²³/
Rime
Character 深 深
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 侵 (139) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 式針切 式禁切
Baxter syim syimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiɪm/ /ɕiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕim/ /ɕimH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjem/ /ɕjemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕim/ /ɕimH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiəm/ /ɕiəmH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭĕm/ /ɕĭĕmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯əm/ /ɕi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shēn shèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sam1 sam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 深 深
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shēn shēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syim › ‹ syimH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l̥][ə]m/ /*[l̥][ə]m-s/
English deep depth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 深 深
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11255 11256
Phonetic
component 		罙 罙
Rime
group 		侵 侵
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		深 深
Old
Chinese 		/*hljum/ /*hljums/

Definitions

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深

  1. (of distance) deep
    Antonym: 淺 / 浅
  2. depth; deepness
  3. (of relationships, etc.) deep; profound
  4. (of difficulty) great; profound; obtuse; obscure
    呢一題好深。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢一题好深。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 jat1 tai4 hou2 sam1. [Jyutping]
    This question is really hard to solve.
    本書太深喇，我讀極都唔明。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    本书太深喇，我读极都唔明。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    bun2 syu1 taai3 sam1 laa3, ngo5 duk6 gik6 dou1 m4 ming4. [Jyutping]
    This book is too hard; I still can't get it after reading it many times.
  5. (of time) long
  6. (of colors) deep; dark
    Synonym: 濃 / 浓 (nóng)
    Antonyms: 淺 / 浅, 淡
  7. very; extremely
    Synonym: 非常 (fēicháng)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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深

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. deep, close, thick, profound

Readings

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Derived terms

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

深 (eumhun 깊을 심 (gipeul sim))

  1. hanja form? of 심 (“deep”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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深: Hán Nôm readings: thâm, thăm, thum, thẫm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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