餐

餐	U+9910, 餐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9910

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

餐 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜水人戈女 (YEOIV), four-corner 2773₂, composition ⿱𣦼食)

Derived characters

爘, 𡄄, 𩽐, 𬆝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1419, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44160
Dae Jaweon: page 1944, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4455, character 5
Unihan data for U+9910

Chinese

trad.		餐
simp. ^#		餐
2nd round simp.		歺
alternative forms		湌飡喰䬸𩛳

Wikipedia has articles on:

餐 (Cantonese)
餐 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Meal (English)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 餐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (粲) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
餐	*sʰaːn
湌	*sʰaːn
粲	*sʰaːns
燦	*sʰaːns
璨	*sʰaːns
薒	*sʰaːns
殩	*sʰoːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰaːn) : phonetic 𣦼 () + semantic 食 (“to eat; meal; food”). Its original meaning was "to swallow".

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), whence Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”); probably also related to 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “to chew”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, it may be compared to Tibetan འཚལ ('tshal, “to eat”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cān (can¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): can¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цан (can, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tan¹ / tan^1*
Gan (Wiktionary): can¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhôn

(Hailu, HRS): con^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): con¹
Jin (Wiktionary): can¹
Northern Min (KCR): chūing
Eastern Min (BUC): chuăng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhan

(Teochew, Peng'im): cang¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshe; ¹tshoe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): can¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cān
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: can
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻan¹
  - Yale: tsān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsan
  - Palladius: цань (canʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: can¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: can
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цан (can, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caan¹
  - Yale: chāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: can¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tan¹ / tan^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰan³³/, /tʰan³³⁻³³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: can¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: con^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: con¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰon²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: con^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰon⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: con¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: can¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰæ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chūing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chuăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhan
  - Tâi-lô: tshan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tshe; ¹tshoe
  - MiniDict: tshe^平; tshoe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshe; ¹tshoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰe⁵³/, /t͡sʰø⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: can¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰan³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 餐
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰan²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰan²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰã²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sʰã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰæ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰø⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰø⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰa³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰan³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰan³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰan⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰon⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰon²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰan⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰan⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰuaŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰuiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰaŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/saŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: tshan

Rime
Character	餐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	七安切
Baxter	tshan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰan/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑn/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caan¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餐
Reading #	1/1
No.	1117
Phonetic component	粲
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	餐
Old Chinese	/*sʰaːn/
Notes	聲符皆爲歺又

Definitions

餐

to eat
飽餐／饱餐 ― bǎocān ― to eat one's fill
meal
早餐 ― zǎocān ― breakfast (lit. early meal)

醫院餐／医院餐 ― yīyuàn cān ― hospital meal

飛機餐／飞机餐 ― fēijī cān ― airline meal
cuisine; (type of) food
西餐 ― xīcān ― Western-style food

食美國餐／食美国餐 [Cantonese] ― sik⁶ mei⁵ gwok³ caan¹ [Jyutping] ― eat American food
Classifier for meals.
一餐飯／一餐饭 ― yī cān fàn ― one meal

每日食三餐 [Cantonese] ― mui⁵ jat⁶ sik⁶ saam¹ caan¹ [Jyutping] ― eat three meals a day
(Cantonese, Gan, Xiang) Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.
打人一餐 [Cantonese] ― daa² jan⁴ jat¹ caan¹ [Jyutping] ― to give someone a beating

做餐懵 [Cantonese] ― zou⁶ caan¹ mung² [Jyutping] ― to do a lot for litter in return
(Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 午餐肉 (“luncheon meat”).
餐蛋麵／餐蛋面 [Cantonese] ― caan¹ daan^6-2 min⁶ [Jyutping] ― noodle with luncheon meat and eggs

餐腿蛋治 [Cantonese] ― caan¹ teoi² daan^6-2 zi⁶ [Jyutping] ― luncheon meat, ham, and egg sandwich

Synonyms

(cuisine): 菜 (cài)
(classifier for meals):

Dialectal synonyms of 頓 (“(classifier for meals)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		頓
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	頓
	Taiwan	頓
	Singapore	餐
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	頓
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	頓
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	頓
	Xi'an	頓
	Xuzhou	頓
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	頓
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	頓
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	頓
	Wuhan	頓, 餐
	Guiyang	頓
	Liuzhou	餐
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	頓
	Yangzhou	頓
	Hefei	頓
Cantonese	Guangzhou	餐
	Hong Kong	餐
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	餐
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	餐
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	餐
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	餐
	Macau	餐
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	餐
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	餐
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	餐
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	餐
	Foshan	餐
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	餐
	Foshan (Shunde)	餐
	Foshan (Sanshui)	餐
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	餐
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	餐
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	餐
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	餐
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	餐
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	餐
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	餐
	Taishan	餐
	Kaiping (Chikan)	餐
	Enping (Niujiang)	餐
	Heshan (Yayao)	餐
	Dongguan	餐
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	餐
	Yangjiang	餐
	Danzhou	餐
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	餐
	Singapore (Guangfu)	餐
Gan	Nanchang	餐
	Lichuan	餐
	Pingxiang	餐
Hakka	Meixian	餐
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	餐
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	餐
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	餐
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	餐
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	餐
	Wengyuan	餐
	Liannan	餐
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	餐
	Jiexi	餐
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	頓
	Changting	餐
	Wuping (Yanqian)	餐
	Ninghua	餐
	Yudu	餐
	Ningdu	餐
	Tonggu (Sandu)	餐
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	餐
	Dayu	餐
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	餐
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	餐
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	餐
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	餐
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	餐
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頓
	Hong Kong	餐
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	餐
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	餐
	Xinyi (Sihe)	餐
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	餐
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	餐
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	餐
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	餐
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	餐
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	餐
	Mengshan (Xihe)	餐
	Luchuan	餐
	Senai (Huiyang)	餐
	Singkawang	餐
Huizhou	Jixi	頓, 餐
Jin	Taiyuan	頓
Jin	Xinzhou	頓
Northern Min	Jian'ou	頓
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	頓
Southern Min	Xiamen	頓
	Quanzhou	頓
	Jinjiang	頓
	Yongchun	頓
	Zhangzhou	頓
	Taipei	頓
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	頓
	Kaohsiung	頓
	Yilan	頓
	Changhua (Lukang)	頓
	Taichung	頓
	Tainan	頓
	Hsinchu	頓
	Kinmen	頓
	Penghu (Magong)	頓
	Singapore (Hokkien)	頓
	Manila (Hokkien)	頓
	Chaozhou	頓
	Jieyang	頓
	Haifeng	頓
	Bangkok (Teochew)	頓
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	頓
	Singapore (Teochew)	頓
	Wenchang	頓
	Haikou	頓
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	餐
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	餐
Wu	Shanghai	頓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	頓
	Suzhou	頓
	Danyang	頓
	Hangzhou	頓
	Ningbo	頓
	Wenzhou	廚
	Jinhua	餐
Xiang	Changsha	餐
	Loudi	餐
	Shuangfeng	餐

(classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.):

Dialectal synonyms of 頓 (“(classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		頓
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	頓
	Taiwan	頓
	Singapore	頓
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	頓
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	頓
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	頓
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	頓
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	頓
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	頓
Cantonese	Guangzhou	餐
	Hong Kong	餐
	Yangjiang	餐
Gan	Nanchang	餐
Hakka	Meixian	頓
Jin	Taiyuan	頓
Northern Min	Jian'ou	頓
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	回
Southern Min	Xiamen	睏
Wu	Suzhou	頓
Wu	Wenzhou	套
Xiang	Changsha	餐
Xiang	Shuangfeng	餐

Compounds

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04601
“餐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

餐

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: さん (san)
Kan-on: さん (san)
Kun: たべもの (tabemono, 餐)、くう (kuu, 餐う)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
餐
さん Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sã̠ɴ]

Noun

餐(さん) • (san)

eating and drinking
最後(さいご)の晩(ばん)餐(さん)
saigo no bansan
"The Last Supper" (painting by Leonardo da Vinci)

Korean

Hanja

餐 • (chan, son) (hangeul 찬, 손, revised chan, son, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, son, Yale chan, son)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

餐: Hán Nôm readings: xun, san, xan

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.