午餐

Chinese

		7th earthly branch; 11 a.m.–1 p.m., noon	eat; meal
trad. (午餐)		午	餐
simp. ^#(午餐)		午	餐

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wǔcān

(Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄘㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ng⁵ caan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ńg-chhôn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ngó͘-chhan

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngou² cang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǔcān
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄘㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǔcan
  - Wade–Giles: wu³-tsʻan¹
  - Yale: wǔ-tsān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuutsan
  - Palladius: уцань (ucanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ng⁵ caan¹
  - Yale: ńgh chāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁵ tsaan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ng⁵ can¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍¹³ t͡sʰaːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-chhôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ng^ˋ con^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ng³ con¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ t͡sʰon²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-chhan
  - Tâi-lô: ngóo-tshan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngofzhafn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngou² cang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngóu tshang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰaŋ³³/

Noun

午餐

lunch
Coordinate terms: 早餐 (zǎocān), 午餐 (wǔcān), 晚飯 / 晚饭 (wǎnfàn)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 午餐 (“lunch”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		午飯, 午餐, 午膳, 中餐, 中飯
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	午飯, 晌午飯, 晌飯, 早飯 first meal in a two meal system
	Taiwan	午餐, 午飯, 中餐
	Harbin	晌午飯, 晌飯
	Singapore	午餐
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	午飯, 晌午飯, 中午飯
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	晌飯
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	晌午飯
	Wanrong	晌午飯
	Xi'an	晌午飯
	Xining	晌午
	Xuzhou	中飯, 晌午飯
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	晌午飯
	Lanzhou	晌午
	Ürümqi	晌午飯, 中午飯
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	晌午, 午飯, 中飯
	Wuhan	中飯
	Guiyang	午飯, 中飯
	Liuzhou	晌午飯, 晌午
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	中飯
	Yangzhou	中飯
	Hefei	中飯
Cantonese	Guangzhou	晏晝飯, 晏晝, 晏
	Hong Kong	晏晝飯, 晏晝, 晏, 中午飯, 午餐, lunch
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	晏晝
	Macau	中午飯, 晏
	Macau (Tanka)	晏晝飯
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	早飯
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	晏
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	晏
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	晏晝
	Foshan	晏
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	晏
	Foshan (Sanshui)	晏晝
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	晏晝
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	晏晝
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	晏
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	晏
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	晏晝
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	晏晝
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	早朝
	Taishan	早朝, 晏晝
	Kaiping (Chikan)	早朝
	Enping (Niujiang)	早朝
	Heshan (Yayao)	晏晝
	Yangjiang	晏
Gan	Nanchang	晝飯, 中飯
	Lichuan	晝飯
	Pingxiang	中飯
Hakka	Meixian	晝
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	晏晝
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	晝
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	晝
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	晏晝
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	晏晝
	Yudu	晏晝
	Hong Kong	晝
Huizhou	Jixi	晝飯
Jin	Taiyuan	晌午飯, 中午飯
Jin	Xinzhou	晌午飯
Northern Min	Jian'ou	晝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	晝
Eastern Min	Singapore (Fuqing)	晝
Southern Min	Xiamen	下晝頓, 日晝頓, 中晝頓, 下晝, 日晝, 中晝, 晝
	Quanzhou	下晝頓, 日晝頓, 下晝, 日晝, 晝
	Zhangzhou	下晝頓, 日晝頓, 中晝頓, 下晝, 日晝
	Tainan	中晝飯, 中晝頓
	Singapore (Hokkien)	日晝頓, 日晝, 下晝頓, 下晝, 下晡頓
	Manila (Hokkien)	日晝頓, 日晝, 下晝頓, 下晝
	Chaozhou	日晝
	Shantou	日晝飯
	Jieyang	日晝, 日晝飯, 日晝頓
	Haifeng	下晝
	Singapore (Teochew)	下旰飯
	Leizhou	日晝糜
	Wenchang	日晝
	Haikou	日晝糜, 日晝
	Qionghai	日頭晝糜, 日晝
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	日晝, 日晝飯
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	早飯
Wu	Shanghai	中飯
	Shanghai (Chongming)	點心
	Suzhou	中飯
	Danyang	晝飯, 中飯
	Hangzhou	中飯
	Ningbo	晝飯, 晝過飯
	Wenzhou	日晝, 日晝廚
	Jinhua	午飯
Xiang	Changsha	中飯
	Loudi	中飯
	Shuangfeng	中飯, 晌飯, 晚飯 second meal in a two meal system
	Hengyang	晌午飯

Derived terms

午餐肉 (wǔcānròu)
天下沒有白吃的午餐 / 天下没有白吃的午餐 (tiānxià méiyǒu báichī de wǔcān)
早午餐 (zǎowǔcān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (午餐):

→ Japanese: 午(ご)餐(さん) (gosan)
→ Korean: 오찬(午餐) (ochan)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
午	餐
ご Grade: 2	さん Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごさん [gòsáń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɡo̞sã̠ɴ]

Noun

午(ご)餐(さん) • (gosan) ^{←ごさん (gosan)^?}

(literary) lunch
Synonym: 昼食 (chūshoku)

Derived terms

午(ご)餐(さん)会(かい) (gosankai)

Verb

午(ご)餐(さん)する • (gosan suru) ^{←ごさん (gosan)^?}intransitive suru (stem 午(ご)餐(さん)し (gosan shi), past 午(ご)餐(さん)した (gosan shita))

to have lunch

Conjugation

Conjugation of "午餐する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	午餐し	ごさんし	gosan shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	午餐し	ごさんし	gosan shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	午餐する	ごさんする	gosan suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	午餐する	ごさんする	gosan suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	午餐すれ	ごさんすれ	gosan sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	午餐せよ¹ 午餐しろ²	ごさんせよ¹ ごさんしろ²	gosan seyo¹ gosan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	午餐される	ごさんされる	gosan sareru
Causative	午餐させる午餐さす	ごさんさせるごさんさす	gosan saseru gosan sasu
Potential	午餐できる	ごさんできる	gosan dekiru
Volitional	午餐しよう	ごさんしよう	gosan shiyō
Negative	午餐しない	ごさんしない	gosan shinai
Negative continuative	午餐せず	ごさんせず	gosan sezu
Formal	午餐します	ごさんします	gosan shimasu
Perfective	午餐した	ごさんした	gosan shita
Conjunctive	午餐して	ごさんして	gosan shite
Hypothetical conditional	午餐すれば	ごさんすれば	gosan sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
午	餐

Noun

午餐 • (ochan) (hangeul 오찬)

hanja form^? of 오찬

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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