civil
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil (comparative more civil or civiler, superlative most civil or civilest)
- (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
- She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.
- 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXI, page 35:
- A third is wroth: ‘Is this an hour
For private sorrow’s barren song,
When more and more the people throng
The chairs and thrones of civil power?’
- (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner; avoiding displays of hostility.
- Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude
- It was very civil of him to stop the argument.
- They despise each other, but they are always civil in public.
- (archaic) In a peaceful and well-ordered state.
- 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
- Herein thou haſt done good ſeruice to thy country:
VVere all inhumaine ſlaues ſo ſerued as he,
England would be ciuill, and from all ſuch dealings free.
- (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.
- a civil case
- Secular.
- 1680, A Practical Discourse of Regeneration:
- As if our Saviour had said, No man can enter into heaven except he be born again; so as he speaketh not only of notorious Sinners, as Adulterers, Drunkards, Swearers, & c. but of all who are in their natural condition, tho' they live never so unblameably, free from scandalous sins, if they be not born again, their civil Righteousness will do them little good, for they shall never see the Kingdom of God.
- 2008, Jerald Finney, God Betrayed, →ISBN, page 174:
- The word from which "evil" in Romans 13.4 is translated means "generally opposed to civil goodness or virtue, in a commonwealth, and not to spiritual good, or religion, in the church.
- 2013, John Calvin, Calvin's Complete Commentary, Volume 7: Acts to Ephesians:
- Some grammarians explain this passage as referring to a civil sanctity, in respect of the children being reckoned legitimate, but in this respect the condition of unbelievers is in no degree worse.
Derived terms
[edit]- civil action
- civil aviation
- civil celebrant
- civil code
- civil court
- civil day
- civil death
- civil defence
- civil defense
- civil disobedience
- civil enforcement officer
- civil engineer
- civil engineering
- civilian
- civilise
- civilish
- civilist
- civility
- civilize
- civil law
- civil law notary
- civil libertarian
- civil liberties
- civil liberty
- civil list
- civilly
- civil marriage
- civilness
- civilogue
- civil parish
- civil partner
- civil partnership
- civil power
- civil procedure
- civil registry
- civil rightist
- civil rights
- civil rights movement
- civil servant
- civil service
- civil-service
- civil society
- civil suit
- civil time
- civil tongue
- civil trial
- civil twilight
- civil union
- civil violation
- civil war
- civil wrong
- civil year
- Common-Civil-Calendar-and-Time Calendar
- keep a civil tongue
- keep a civil tongue in one's head
- keep a civil tongue in one's mouth
- minor civil division
- overcivil
- put a civil tongue in one's head
- put a civil tongue in one's mouth
- ultracivil
- uncivil
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Japanese: シビル (shibiru)
Translations
[edit]
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
References
[edit]- “civil”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- civil in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- “civil”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams
[edit]Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil (epicene, plural civiles)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil m or f (masculine and feminine plural civils)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]civil m or f by sense (plural civils)
- a member of the guàrdia civil
Noun
[edit]civil m (plural civils)
- (colloquial) a preserved sardine
- Synonym: arengada
Further reading
[edit]- “civil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Chinese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From clipping of English civil engineering.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: si1 fou2
- Yale: sī fóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: si1 fou2
- Guangdong Romanization: xi1 fou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵ fou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
[edit]civil
References
[edit]Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]civil m anim
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “civil”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “civil”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil
Inflection
[edit]positive | comparative | superlative | |
---|---|---|---|
indefinite common singular | civil | — | —2 |
indefinite neuter singular | civilt | — | —2 |
plural | civile | — | —2 |
definite attributive1 | civile | — | — |
1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
Derived terms
[edit]- civiladministration
- civilarbejder
- civilbefolkning
- civilcourage
- civildommer
- civiletat
- civilforsvar
- civilforsvarsleder
- civilgarde
- civilgardist
- civilhortonom
- civilingeniør
- civilisation
- civilisationskritik
- civilisationssygdom
- civilisatorisk
- civilisere
- civiliseret
- civilisering
- civilist
- civilklædt
- civilkurage
- civilliste
- civilperson
- civilret
- civilretlig
- civilretslig
- civilsamfund
- civilstand
- civilundervisning
- civiløkonom
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil (feminine civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: sivil
Noun
[edit]civil m (plural civils, feminine civile)
Further reading
[edit]- “civil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
[edit]civil m or f (plural civís)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “civil”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German Zivil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil (not comparable)
- civilian (not related to the military, police or other governmental professions)
- Synonym: polgári
- civil szervezet ― non-governmental organization
- polgárháború ― civil war
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | civil | civilek |
accusative | civilt | civileket |
dative | civilnek | civileknek |
instrumental | civillel | civilekkel |
causal-final | civilért | civilekért |
translative | civillé | civilekké |
terminative | civilig | civilekig |
essive-formal | civilként | civilekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | civilben | civilekben |
superessive | civilen | civileken |
adessive | civilnél | civileknél |
illative | civilbe | civilekbe |
sublative | civilre | civilekre |
allative | civilhez | civilekhez |
elative | civilből | civilekből |
delative | civilről | civilekről |
ablative | civiltől | civilektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
civilé | civileké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
civiléi | civilekéi |
Noun
[edit]civil (plural civilek)
- civilian (a person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces)
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | civil | civilek |
accusative | civilt | civileket |
dative | civilnek | civileknek |
instrumental | civillel | civilekkel |
causal-final | civilért | civilekért |
translative | civillé | civilekké |
terminative | civilig | civilekig |
essive-formal | civilként | civilekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | civilben | civilekben |
superessive | civilen | civileken |
adessive | civilnél | civileknél |
illative | civilbe | civilekbe |
sublative | civilre | civilekre |
allative | civilhez | civilekhez |
elative | civilből | civilekből |
delative | civilről | civilekről |
ablative | civiltől | civilektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
civilé | civileké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
civiléi | civilekéi |
Possessive forms of civil | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | civilem | civileim, civiljeim |
2nd person sing. | civiled | civileid, civiljeid |
3rd person sing. | civile, civilje | civilei, civiljei |
1st person plural | civilünk | civileink, civiljeink |
2nd person plural | civiletek | civileitek, civiljeitek |
3rd person plural | civilük, civiljük | civileik, civiljeik |
References
[edit]- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- civil in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- civil in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
Interlingua
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil (not comparable)
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).
Adjective
[edit]civil m
Derived terms
[edit]Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)
Derived terms
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Doublet of cível.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Adjective
[edit]civil m or f (plural civis)
- civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)
- Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing.
- civic (relating to citizens)
- (law) relating to civil law
- occurring between the inhabitants of the same country
- Guerra civil. ― Civil war.
- civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)
- Synonyms: civilizado, cortês, educado, polido
- Antonyms: deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante, feio
- Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people.
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]civil m or f by sense (plural civis)
- civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “civil”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
- “civil”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
- “civil” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “civil”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
- “civil”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
- “civil”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Romanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- țivil — archaic and popular
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French civil, Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
[edit]civil m or n (feminine singular civilă, masculine plural civili, feminine and neuter plural civile)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
nominative- accusative |
indefinite | civil | civilă | civili | civile | |||
definite | civilul | civila | civilii | civilele | ||||
genitive- dative |
indefinite | civil | civile | civili | civile | |||
definite | civilului | civilei | civililor | civilelor |
Noun
[edit]civil m (plural civili)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | civil | civilul | civili | civilii | |
genitive-dative | civil | civilului | civili | civililor | |
vocative | civilule | civililor |
Related terms
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“civic, civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
Noun
[edit]cìvīl m (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл)
- civilian (not related to the military armed forces)
Declension
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (Spain) /θiˈbil/ [θiˈβ̞il]
- IPA(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /siˈbil/ [siˈβ̞il]
Audio (Latin America): (file) - Rhymes: -il
- Syllabification: ci‧vil
- Homophone: (Latin America) sibil
Adjective
[edit]civil m or f (masculine and feminine plural civiles, superlative civilísimo)
- civil (all senses)
Derived terms
[edit]- aviación civil
- casarse por lo civil
- civilizar
- civilmente
- código civil
- de civil
- derecho civil
- desobediencia civil
- estado civil
- fiscal de lo civil
- guardia civil
- guerra civil
- libertades civiles
- matrimonio civil
- muerte civil
- posesión civil
- proceso civil
- registro civil
- servicio civil
- sociedad civil
- tribunal civil
- unión civil
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Tagalog: sibil
Further reading
[edit]- “civil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Adjective
[edit]civil
- civil, civilian; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside religion or team-based activities, such as a professional sports team
- (nominalized, chiefly in the plural) a civilian
- två civila
- two civilians
Declension
[edit]Indefinite | positive | comparative | superlative1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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common singular | civil | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
neuter singular | civilt | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | civila | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
masculine plural2 | civile | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite | positive | comparative | superlative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
masculine singular3 | civile | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
all | civila | — | — |
1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
Derived terms
[edit]- civilperson (“civilian”)
- civilstånd (“marital status”)
References
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