Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

The meaning "to be lying down" might come from "to have fallen" as the meaning "to fall" occurs in Celtic and Sanskrit.^[1]^[2]

Root

*ḱey- (imperfective)^[3]^[4]

to be lying down
to settle

Alternative reconstructions

*ḱeyh₁-^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱey- (20 c, 0 e)

*ḱéy-tor (deponent athematic Narten root present)
*ḱéy-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present)^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *kēdeti (“to fall”)
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: coezaff
      - Breton: kouezhañ
    - Cornish: koedha, kodha
    - Welsh: cwyddo
      - ⇒ Welsh: digwydd
*ḱéy-us (“orphan”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćáyuš (see there for further descendants)
*ḱey-ro-s (“orphaned”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śeiras
  - Lithuanian: šeirỹs
  - Proto-Slavic: *sirъ (see there for further descendants)
*ḱéy-wo-s (“intimate, dear, friendly”)^[7]^[8]^[9]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śéiwāˀ
  - Latvian: siẽva
  - Latgalian: sīva
- Proto-Germanic: *hīwą, *hīwô n (“sg. household member, pl. married couple, household”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćáywas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śáywas
    - Sanskrit: शेव (śéva, “dear, friendly”), शिव (śivá, “auspicious, propitious, gracious”)
- Proto-Italic: *keiwis (i-stem derivation)
  - Latin: cīvis
*ḱóy-mos^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]
*ḱoy-neh₂^[14]
- Proto-Italic: *koinā
  - Latin: cūnae
*ḱoy-teh₂
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κοίτη (koítē)

Unsorted formations

Albanian:
- Proto-Albanian: *tšūtja
  - Albanian: cys
- Proto-Albanian: *tseu-
  - Albanian: ndërsej
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: սէր (sēr)
Balto-Slavic:
- Slavic:
  - Old Church Slavonic: посивьнъ (posivĭnŭ)
  - Old East Slavic: посивъ (posivŭ)
    - Russian: посив (posiv)^[15]
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: κινέω (kinéō)
- Ancient Greek: κίω (kíō)
Indo-Iranian:
- Iranian:
  - Ossetian: цӕуын (cæwyn)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: शी (śī, “to lie”)

References

^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “2.*k̑ei̯-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śayⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “śī́yate 'falls' may belong to this root as its dynamic present”
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*k̑ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 320
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*saiH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 328
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2.*k̑ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 321
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sieva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 549-550
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hīwōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cīvis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 116
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “kiemas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 243-244
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*koymo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 220
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kaima-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κεῖμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 663-664
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cūnae”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “посив”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “2.*k̑ei̯-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śayⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “śī́yate 'falls' may belong to this root as its dynamic present”

[3] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[4] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*k̑ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 320

[5] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*saiH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 328

[6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2.*k̑ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 321

[7] Derksen, Rick (2015) “sieva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 549-550

[8] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hīwōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227

[9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cīvis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 116

[10] Derksen, Rick (2015) “kiemas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 243-244

[11] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*koymo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 220

[12] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kaima-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201

[13] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κεῖμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 663-664

[14] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cūnae”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[ru_посив-15] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “посив”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]