κίω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *keyh₂- (“to start to move”). Cognate with Latin cieō (“to set in motion, invoke”)[1] (though not Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate), as was traditionally assumed).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kí.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈki.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈci.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈci.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈci.o/
Verb
[edit]κῐ́ω • (kíō)
- to go
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 680:
- ἐπείπερ ἄλλως, ὦ ξέν’, εἰς Ἄργος κίεις...
- epeíper állōs, ô xén’, eis Árgos kíeis...
- Stranger, since anyway you are going to Argos...
- ἐπείπερ ἄλλως, ὦ ξέν’, εἰς Ἄργος κίεις...
- 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 1068:
- αἰακτὸς ἐς δόμους κίε:
- aiaktòs es dómous kíe:
- With sounds of wailing go to your homes.
- αἰακτὸς ἐς δόμους κίε:
- 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 852:
- λεῖφ’ ἕδρανα, κί’ ἐς δόρυ
- leîph’ hédrana, kí’ es dóru
- Leave here and go aboard!
- λεῖφ’ ἕδρανα, κί’ ἐς δόρυ
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.42:
- ἐκ πόλιος δ’ ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ λαβόντες δασσάμεθ’, ὡς μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης:
- ek pólios d’ alókhous kaì ktḗmata pollà labóntes dassámeth’, hōs mḗ tís moi atembómenos kíoi ísēs:
- We took their wives and also much booty, which we divided equitably amongst us, so that none might have reason to complain (go complaining to me).
- ἐκ πόλιος δ’ ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ λαβόντες δασσάμεθ’, ὡς μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης:
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.147:
- τοὺς δὲ μετ’ Ἀτρεΐδης ἔκιε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος, οἶνον ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ μελίφρονα δεξιτερῆφι, ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ, ὄφρα λείψαντε κιοίτην:
- toùs dè met’ Atreḯdēs ékie xanthòs Menélaos, oînon ékhōn en kheirì melíphrona dexiterêphi, en dépaï khruséōi, óphra leípsante kioítēn:
- and Menelaus came after them with a golden goblet of wine in his right hand that they might make a drink-offering before they set out.
- τοὺς δὲ μετ’ Ἀτρεΐδης ἔκιε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος, οἶνον ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ μελίφρονα δεξιτερῆφι, ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ, ὄφρα λείψαντε κιοίτην:
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.347:
- Ζεὺς τό γ’ ἀλεξήσειε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι, ὡς ὑμεῖς παρ’ ἐμεῖο θοὴν ἐπὶ νῆα κίοιτε:
- Zeùs tó g’ alexḗseie kaì athánatoi theoì álloi, hōs humeîs par’ emeîo thoḕn epì nêa kíoite:
- May heaven and the immortal gods forbid that you should leave my house to go on board of a ship.
- Ζεὺς τό γ’ ἀλεξήσειε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι, ὡς ὑμεῖς παρ’ ἐμεῖο θοὴν ἐπὶ νῆα κίοιτε:
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.565:
- τοῖσι δ’ ἅμ’ Εὐρύαλος τρίτατος κίεν ἰσόθεος φὼς, Μηκιστέος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος:
- toîsi d’ hám’ Eurúalos trítatos kíen isótheos phṑs, Mēkistéos huiòs Talaïonídao ánaktos:
- And with them came a third, Euryalus, a godlike warrior, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus.
- τοῖσι δ’ ἅμ’ Εὐρύαλος τρίτατος κίεν ἰσόθεος φὼς, Μηκιστέος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος:
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.509:
- τῶν μὲν πεντήκοντα νέες κίον, ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ κοῦροι Βοιωτῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον.
- tôn mèn pentḗkonta nées kíon, en dè hekástēi koûroi Boiōtôn hekatòn kaì eíkosi baînon.
- Of these there came fifty ships, and on board of each went young men of the Boeotians an hundred and twenty.
- τῶν μὲν πεντήκοντα νέες κίον, ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ κοῦροι Βοιωτῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον.
Usage notes
[edit]- Mostly used (always in the imperfect) by Homer.
- Usually of persons, rarely of things.
Inflection
[edit] Present: κῐ́ω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κῐ́ω | κῐ́εις | κῐ́ει | κῐ́ετον | κῐ́ετον | κῐ́ομεν | κῐ́ετε | κῐ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κῐ́ω | κῐ́ῃς | κῐ́ῃ | κῐ́ητον | κῐ́ητον | κῐ́ωμεν | κῐ́ητε | κῐ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κῐ́οιμῐ | κῐ́οις | κῐ́οι | κῐ́οιτον | κῐοίτην | κῐ́οιμεν | κῐ́οιτε | κῐ́οιεν | |||||
imperative | κῐ́ε | κῐέτω | κῐ́ετον | κῐέτων | κῐ́ετε | κῐόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | κῐ́ειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | κῐών | |||||||||||
f | κῐοῦσα | ||||||||||||
n | κῐόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Imperfect: ἔκῐον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔκῐον | ἔκῐες | ἔκῐε(ν) | ἐκῐ́ετον | ἐκῐέτην | ἐκῐ́ομεν | ἐκῐ́ετε | ἔκῐον | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κῐ́ον | κῐ́ες | κῐ́ε(ν) | κῐ́ετον | κῐέτην | κῐ́ομεν | κῐ́ετε | κῐ́ον | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 707
Further reading
[edit]- “κίω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κίον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press