郊

郊 U+90CA, 郊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90CA ← 郉 [U+90C9] CJK Unified Ideographs 郋 → [U+90CB]

Translingual

Han character

郊 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜大弓中 (YKNL), four-corner 0742₇, composition ⿰交阝)

Derived characters

• 𭏇

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1271, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39392
• Dae Jaweon: page 1769, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3769, character 6
• Unihan data for U+90CA

Chinese

simp. and trad.		郊

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (交) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
烄	*keːws, *kreːwʔ
礮	*pʰreːws
交	*kreːw
郊	*kreːw
茭	*kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
蛟	*kreːw
鮫	*kreːw
鵁	*kreːw
咬	*kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw
鉸	*kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *kreːws
佼	*kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
詨	*kreːw, *qʰreːws, *ɡreːws
絞	*kreːwʔ
狡	*kreːwʔ
姣	*kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
筊	*kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
校	*kreːws, *ɡreːws
珓	*kreːws
跤	*kʰreːw
頝	*kʰreːw
骹	*kʰraːw
齩	*ŋɡreːwʔ
洨	*ɡreːw
胶	*ɡreːw
效	*ɡreːws
効	*ɡreːws
傚	*ɡreːws
皎	*keːwʔ
恔	*keːwʔ
晈	*keːwʔ
窔	*qeːws
駮	*pqreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw) : phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw) + semantic 阝.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāo (jiao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kâu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gau¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): gău
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kau

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ciau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
    • Wade–Giles: chiao¹
    • Yale: jyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
    • Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaau¹
    • Yale: gāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kau⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau
    • Tâi-lô: kau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gao¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ciau
    • MiniDict: ciau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jiau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaew

Rime
Character	郊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古肴切
Baxter	kaew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/
Li Rong	/kau/
Wang Li	/kau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	郊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁraw/
English	suburb
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	郊
Reading #	1/1
No.	6297
Phonetic component	交
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	交
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/

Definitions

郊

1. suburbs; outskirts; open spaces

Compounds

• 北郊 (Běijiāo)
• 南郊 (nánjiāo)
• 四郊
• 四郊多壘／四郊多垒
• 城郊 (chéngjiāo)
• 島瘦郊寒／岛瘦郊寒
• 市郊 (shìjiāo)
• 戎馬生郊／戎马生郊
• 東郊／东郊 (dōngjiāo)
• 荒郊 (huāngjiāo)
• 荒郊曠野／荒郊旷野
• 荒郊草野
• 荒郊野外 (huāngjiāoyěwài)
• 西郊
• 近郊 (jìnjiāo)
• 近郊農業／近郊农业
• 遠郊／远郊
• 郊區／郊区 (jiāoqū)
• 郊原
• 郊坰 (jiāojiōng)
• 郊壇／郊坛
• 郊壇下窯／郊坛下窑
• 郊外 (jiāowài)
• 郊寒島瘦／郊寒岛瘦
• 郊廟／郊庙
• 郊廟歌辭／郊庙歌辞
• 郊游 (jiāoyóu)
• 郊甸
• 郊祀 (jiāosì)
• 郊社
• 郊祭 (jiāojì)
• 郊禋
• 郊迎
• 郊遊／郊游 (jiāoyóu)
• 郊野 (jiāoyě)
• 郊野公園／郊野公园 (jiāoyěgōngyuán)

 

Japanese

Kanji

郊

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: まつる (matsuru)、いなか (inaka)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 郊 (MC kaew). Recorded as Middle Korean 교 (kyo) (Yale: kyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

郊 (eumhun 들 교 (deul gyo))

1. hanja form^? of 교 (“outskirts”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 교외 (郊外, gyooe)
• 근교 (近郊, geun'gyo)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

郊: Hán Nôm readings: giao

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.