刷
Appearance
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]刷 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸月中弓 (SBLN), four-corner 72200, composition ⿰𡰯刂)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1964
- Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 337, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5237
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
刷 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 㕞 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 刷 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sroːd, *srod) : semantic 刂 (“knife”) + phonetic 𡰯 (). It represents the act of shaving something flat with a knife, and by extension, is used to convey the meanings of "to scrape" or "to print."[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017
Etymology
[edit]Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(u/i)t (“to wipe, sweep, rub, scrub”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བཤུད (bshud, “to wipe”), Burmese သုတ် (sut, “idem”)[1] (though STEDT mistakenly puts down 恤 (OC *sqʰʷiɡ, “to sympathize, compensate”) for the Chinese character instead).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sua2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): sot6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): suah4
- Northern Min (KCR): sŏ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sáuk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7seq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xya6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shua
- Wade–Giles: shua1
- Yale: shwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shua
- Palladius: шуа (šua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄚㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shuar
- Wade–Giles: shua1-ʼrh
- Yale: shwār
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shual
- Palladius: шуар (šuar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sua2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sua
- Sinological IPA (key): /sua²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caat3 / caat3-2
- Yale: chaat / cháat
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat8 / tsaat8-2
- Guangdong Romanization: cad3 / cad3-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːt̚³/, /t͡sʰaːt̚³⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cat1 / cat1-4*
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰat̚³³/, /t͡sʰat̚³³⁻²¹⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sot6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sot
- Hakka Romanization System: sodˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sod5
- Sinological IPA: /sot̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: suah4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suaʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sŏ
- Sinological IPA (key): /so²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáuk
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑuʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seh
- Tâi-lô: seh
- Phofsit Daibuun: seq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /seʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: serh
- Tâi-lô: serh
- IPA (Quanzhou): /səʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soah
- Tâi-lô: suah
- Phofsit Daibuun: soaq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóa
- Tâi-lô: suá
- Phofsit Daibuun: soar
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sua⁵³/
Note:
- soat - literary;
- seh/serh, soa, soah, sóa - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: srwaet, srjwet
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]r[o]t/, /*[s]r[o]t/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sroːd/, /*srod/
Definitions
[edit]刷
- brush (tool)
- 牙刷 ― yáshuā ― toothbrush
- (transitive) to brush; to scrub; to clean with a brush
- (transitive) to paint with a brush
- (colloquial, transitive) to eliminate
- (transitive) to swipe (a card, etc.); to scan
- 「嘀——」刷門卡的聲音,老師探出頭來:「早點睡覺啊。」 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2018 August, 张雨笛 (Zhang Yudi), 我在建兰的一天, in 吴丹青 (Wu Danqing), chief editor, 《七年级课堂同步作文》, Shanghai: 上海社会科学院出版社, →ISBN, page 206
- “dí —” shuā ménkǎ de shēngyīn, lǎoshī tàn chū tóu lái: “Zǎo diǎn shuìjiào a.” [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
「嘀——」刷门卡的声音,老师探出头来:「早点睡觉啊。」 [MSC, simp.]
- (chiefly Mainland China, neologism, colloquial, transitive) to browse through (updates on social media etc.); to flip through
- (colloquial, transitive) to write; to finish (a massive quantity of works)
- 晚輔在我刷作業的忙碌中結束,我背著書包回到寢室。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2018 August, 张雨笛 (Zhang Yudi), 我在建兰的一天, in 吴丹青 (Wu Danqing), chief editor, 《七年级课堂同步作文》, Shanghai: 上海社会科学院出版社, →ISBN, page 206
- Wǎnfǔ zài wǒ shuā zuòyè de mánglù zhōng jiéshù, wǒ bèizhe shūbāo huídào qǐnshì. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
晚辅在我刷作业的忙碌中结束,我背着书包回到寝室。 [MSC, simp.]
- (computing, transitive) to flash
- 刷固件 ― shuā gùjiàn ― to flash the firmware
- (video games, transitive) to grind
- (video games, transitive) to spawn
Synonyms
[edit]- (to eliminate):
- 免
- 免除 (miǎnchú)
- 削 (literary, or in compounds)
- 削除 (xuēchú)
- 去掉 (qùdiào)
- 去除 (qùchú)
- 報銷 / 报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
- 屏除 (bǐngchú)
- 廓清 (kuòqīng)
- 打掉 (dǎdiào)
- 掃 / 扫
- 排解 (páijiě)
- 掃除 / 扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
- 排除 (páichú)
- 摒除 (bìngchú)
- 撤 (chè)
- 撤除 (chèchú)
- 消 (xiāo)
- 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
- 消解 (xiāojiě)
- 消釋 / 消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
- 消除 (xiāochú)
- 淘汰 (táotài)
- 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
- 清除 (qīngchú)
- 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
- 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
- 破除 (pòchú)
- 祛除 (qūchú)
- 罷 / 罢
- 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
- 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
- 蕩 / 荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 解釋 / 解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
- 解除 (jiěchú)
- 鋤 / 锄 (chú)
- 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
- 除
- 除去 (chúqù)
- 除忒 (Hakka)
- 除掉 (chúdiào)
- 除開 / 除开 (chúkāi)
- 革除 (géchú)
- 驅散 / 驱散 (qūsàn)
- 驅走 / 驱走 (qūzǒu)
- 驅除 / 驱除 (qūchú)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shuà
- Wade–Giles: shua4
- Yale: shwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuah
- Palladius: шуа (šua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: saat3
- Yale: saat
- Cantonese Pinyin: saat8
- Guangdong Romanization: sad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /saːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Dialectal data
Definitions
[edit]刷
Compounds
[edit]- 兩把刷子 / 两把刷子
- 凸版印刷
- 凹版印刷 (āobǎn yìnshuā)
- 刷刷 (shuāshuā)
- 刷卡 (shuākǎ)
- 刷印 (shuāyìn)
- 刷卷
- 刷子 (shuāzi)
- 刷恥 / 刷耻
- 刷扮
- 刷拉
- 刷括
- 刷新 (shuāxīn)
- 刷洗
- 刷照
- 刷牙 (shuāyá)
- 刷白
- 刷臉 / 刷脸 (shuāliǎn)
- 刷選 / 刷选
- 剗刷 / 刬刷
- 剔抽禿刷 / 剔抽秃刷
- 印刷 (yìnshuā)
- 印刷品 (yìnshuāpǐn)
- 印刷廠 / 印刷厂 (yìnshuāchǎng)
- 印刷機 / 印刷机 (yìnshuājī)
- 印刷術 / 印刷术 (yìnshuāshù)
- 印刷電路 / 印刷电路
- 印刷體 / 印刷体 (yìnshuātǐ)
- 塗刷 / 涂刷
- 孔版印刷
- 審囚刷卷 / 审囚刷卷
- 平版印刷
- 拘刷
- 括刷
- 振刷
- 敦蹄刷腳 / 敦蹄刷脚
- 木版印刷
- 板刷 (bǎnshuā)
- 根刷
- 水刷石
- 沖刷 / 冲刷 (chōngshuā)
- 洗刷 (xǐshuā)
- 海綿刷 / 海绵刷
- 溜刷
- 牙刷 (yáshuā)
- 瓶刷子樹 / 瓶刷子树
- 眉刷
- 眼禿刷 / 眼秃刷
- 石版印刷
- 立體印刷 / 立体印刷
- 粉刷 (fěnshuā)
- 糊刷
- 膠版印刷 / 胶版印刷
- 鋼絲刷 / 钢丝刷
- 閉眉刷眼 / 闭眉刷眼
- 雕版印刷 (diāobǎn yìnshuā)
- 雨刷 (yǔshuā)
- 鞋刷 (xiéshuā)
- 馬桶刷 / 马桶刷 (mǎtǒngshuā)
- 髮刷 / 发刷 (fàshuā)
References
[edit]- ^ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-UT Finals (22. to Wipe)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 51
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]刷
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]刷 (eum 쇄 (swae))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
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