欣

See also: 忻

欣	U+6B23, 欣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B23

← 欢
[U+6B22]

CJK Unified Ideographs

欤 →
[U+6B24]

Translingual

Han character

欣 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹中弓人 (HLNO), four-corner 7728₂, composition ⿰斤欠)

Derived characters

俽掀惞焮鍁 (锨) 𢜛𦲽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 566, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16008
Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2135, character 12
Unihan data for U+6B23

Chinese

simp. and trad.		欣
alternative forms		訢／䜣忻惞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘄	ɡɯ, kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈	*ɡɯl
頎	*ɡɯl
旂	*ɡɯl
圻	ɡɯl, ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚	ɡɯl, ɡɯːls
岓	*ɡɯl
玂	*ɡɯl
沂	*ŋɡɯl
掀	*qʰan
釿	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋkɯn
齗	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋɡɯn
听	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋɡɯnʔ
垽	ŋrɯns, qɯns
斤	kɯn, kɯns
菦	*kɯnʔ
靳	*kɯns
劤	*kɯns
勁	kɯns, keŋs
赾	*kʰɯnʔ
芹	*ɡɯn
近	ɡɯnʔ, ɡɯns
斦	*ŋɡɯn
欣	*qʰɯn
忻	*qʰɯn
昕	*qʰɯn
訢	*qʰɯn
炘	qʰɯn, qʰɯns
邤	*qʰɯn
庍	qʰɯns, mpreːɡs
焮	*qʰɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰɯn) : phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) + semantic 欠.

Etymology 1

Probably from the same word family as 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xīn (xin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hin¹
Gan (Wiktionary): xin¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hîm / hiûn

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiun¹
Jin (Wiktionary): xing¹
Northern Min (KCR): hēng
Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̆ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hin / him / herm

(Teochew, Peng'im): heng¹ / hng¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xin¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sin
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹
  - Yale: syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
  - Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jan¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hin³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hîm / hiûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: him^ˊ / hiun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: him¹ / hiun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /him²⁴/, /hi̯un²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hiun⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xing¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xeiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hin
  - Tâi-lô: hin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hyn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: him
  - Tâi-lô: him
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hym
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /him³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /him⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: herm
  - Tâi-lô: herm
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /həm³³/

Note:

hin - literary;
him/herm - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: heng¹ / hng¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳng / hng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɯŋ³³/, /hŋ³³/

Note:

heng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
hng1 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹shin
  - MiniDict: shin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 欣
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕin⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕin²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/siə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕin²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕin³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕin³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕin³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiun⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/huŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/him⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xeiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hɯŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hin²³/ /huaŋ²³/ 訓歡

Middle Chinese: xj+n

Rime
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許斤切
Baxter	xj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/xiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨn/
Li Rong	/xiən/
Wang Li	/xĭən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰər/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰər/
English	rejoice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
No.	6665
Phonetic component	斤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	欣
Old Chinese	/*qʰɯn/

Definitions

欣

happy; joyous; delighted
- 問征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。乃瞻衡宇，栽欣載奔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  问征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。乃瞻衡宇，栽欣载奔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 《歸去來辭 / 归去来辞》, 陶淵明 / 陶渊明, translated by James Robert Hightower
  Wèn zhēngfū yǐqián lù, hèn chénguāng zhī xīwēi. Nǎi zhān héngyǔ, zāi xīn zǎi bēn. [Pinyin]
  I ask a passerby about the road ahead, grudging the dimness of the light at dawn. Then I catch sight of my cottage—filled with joy I run.
^† to submit willingly; to submit happily
- 昔者之伐也，興百姓以為百姓也，是以民能欣之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  昔者之伐也，兴百姓以为百姓也，是以民能欣之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Xīzhě zhī fá yě, xìng bǎixìng yǐwèi bǎixìng yě, shìyǐ mín néng xīn zhī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Used in 欣欣 (xīnxīn, “lush”).
a surname

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 欣 – see 鑫 (“abundant in wealth; prosperous”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 鑫).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

欣

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: きん (kin)
Kan’yō-on: ごん (gon)
Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 欣ぶ)、よろこび (yorokobi, 欣び)、よし (yoshi)、やすし (yasushi)

Korean

Hanja

欣 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

欣: Hán Nôm readings: hân, hơn, hoen, hớn, hăng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999