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興

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 兴
興 U+8208, 興
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8208
← 與
[U+8207] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 舉 →
[U+8209]

Translingual

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Han character

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興 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹難月金 (HXBC), four-corner 77801, composition ⿳⿴𦥑同一八)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1005, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30226
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1461, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 253, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8208

Chinese

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trad. 興
simp. 兴
alternative forms 㒷
𢍯

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 興
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (興) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
興 *qʰɯŋ, *qʰɯŋs
臖 *qʰɯŋs
嬹 *qʰɯŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 舁 (“to raise”) + 同 (“together”) – to hold up together.

Pronunciation 1

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 興 (興旺)
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕiŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕiŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ɕiŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiŋ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ɕin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /ɕin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /ɕaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ɕin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕin³³/
Xiangtan /ɕin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/ ～國縣
Hakka Meixian /hin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /hin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /heŋ⁵³/
Nanning /heŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiŋ⁵⁵/
/hin⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xeiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /heŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /heŋ²³/
Rime
Character 興
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 虚陵切
Baxter xing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/xiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/xĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 興
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xing ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰ(r)əŋ/
English lift, rise

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 興
Reading # 1/2
No. 13858
Phonetic
component 		興
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		興
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰɯŋ/

Definitions

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興

  1. to rise; to get up
  2. to thrive; to prosper; to flourish
  3. prosperous; flourishing
  4. to be popular; to be fashionable
    呢排擺酒唔興食魚翅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢排摆酒唔兴食鱼翅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei1 paai4 baai2 zau2 m4 hing1 sik6 jyu4 ci3. [Jyutping]
    These days, shark fin soup isn't popular in banquets.
  5. to start; to build; to establish
  6. to elect; to promote
  7. to succeed; to achieve success
  8. to send; to dispatch; to launch; to mount
  9. to collect; to recruit
  10. to do; to perform
  11. to advocate; to encourage
  12. to indulge; to spoil
  13. (dialectal, chiefly in the negative) to allow; to permit
  14. maybe; perhaps
  15. (Teochew) lucky; fortunate
  16. a surname

Descendants

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  • → Thai: เฮง (heng) (via Teochew)
  • → Khmer: ហេង (heng)[1]

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note: him - 興味.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 興 (高興)
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiŋ²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕiŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /ɕiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕin⁴²/
Chengdu /ɕin¹³/
Guiyang /ɕin²¹³/
Kunming /ɕĩ¹/
Nanjing /ɕin⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕin⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕin⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ɕin⁴⁴⁵⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ɕaŋ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /ɕin⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /ɕin⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /hin⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /heŋ³³/
Nanning /heŋ³³/
Hong Kong /hiŋ³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiŋ²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɛiŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xeiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /heŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /heŋ³⁵/
Rime
Character 興
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許應切
Baxter xingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hiŋH/
Li
Rong 		/xiəŋH/
Wang
Li 		/xĭəŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hing3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 興
Reading # 2/2
No. 13859
Phonetic
component 		興
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		興
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰɯŋs/

Definitions

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興

  1. excitement; interest; mood in doing something
    高興／高兴  ―  gāoxìng  ―  happy [lit. high mood]
  2. sensual desire; sexual desire; passion
  3. (obsolete or Min) to like; to be fond of; to love
  4. to liken; to analogise
  5. (rhetoric) metaphor
  6. (poetry) association; speaking first of something else to lead up to the main theme
  7. (Suzhounese) bustling; lively
    Synonym: 熱鬧 / 热闹 (Standard)
    今朝禮拜日，觀前興得來路匣勿好走。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
    今朝礼拜日，观前兴得来路匣勿好走。 [Suzhounese, simp.]
    From: 1993, 蘇州方言詞典, page 20
    It's Sunday today, the road ahead is very lively and it's not easily traversable.

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ Headley, R. K. 1977. Cambodian-English Dictionary. Catholic University Press. SEAlang Library Khmer. [1]

Japanese

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Kanji

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興

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. entertain
  2. revive
  3. retrieve
  4. interest
  5. pleasure

Readings

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  • Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おこる (okoru, 興る, Jōyō)、おこす (okosu, 興す, Jōyō)、おきる (okiru)

Noun

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興(きょう) • (kyō) 

  1. entertainment; pleasure; interest

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 興 (MC xing).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

興 (eumhun 일 흥 (il heung))

  1. hanja form? of 흥 (“to rise; to get up”)
  2. hanja form? of 흥 (“to thrive; to prosper; to flourish”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 興 (MC xingH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [xɯ(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [흥(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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興 (eumhun 흥취(興趣) 흥)

  1. hanja form? of 흥 (“interest”)
  2. hanja form? of 흥 (“excitement; fun; joy; pleasure”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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興: Hán Nôm readings: hưng, hăng, hên, hứng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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