蟹

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See also: 蠏 and 聲
蟹 U+87F9, 蟹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-87F9
← 蟸
[U+87F8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蟺 →
[U+87FA]

Translingual

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Han character

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蟹 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓手中一戈 (NQLMI), four-corner 27136, composition ⿱解虫)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1098, character 49
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33668
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1563, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2898, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+87F9

Chinese

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trad. 蟹
simp. # 蟹
alternative forms 蠏
䲒
𩼠
蚧 informal (especially Cantonese)
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 蟹 (Classical)
  • 蟹 (Cantonese)
  • 蟹 (Written Standard Chinese?)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 蟹
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (解) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
薢 *kreː, *kreːʔ, *kreːs
解 *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs
檞 *kreːʔ
懈 *kreːs
繲 *kreːs
廨 *kreːs
蟹 *ɡreːʔ
獬 *ɡreːʔ
澥 *ɡreːʔ
嶰 *ɡreːʔ
邂 *ɡreːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːʔ) : phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs) + semantic 虫. Originally written as 蠏.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k(j)aːj (“crab”). Compare S'gaw Karen ဆွဲၣ် (hsweh̀).

“to decrease in value’
From 蟹貨／蟹货. See there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hai3 - vernacular;
  • xiai4 - literary.
Note:
  • hōe/hǒe/hē - vernacular;
  • hāi/hǎi - literary.
Rime
Character 蟹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡買切
Baxter heaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠɛX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚæX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣæiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦaɨjX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɛX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣaiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣaiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xià
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		haai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蟹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hɛX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-kˁreʔ/
English crab

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蟹
Reading # 1/1
No. 6482
Phonetic
component 		解
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		蟹
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡreːʔ/
Notes 說文蟲在左

Definitions

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蟹

  1. crab (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
  2. (Cantonese, slang, of stocks, goods, etc.) to decrease in value, such that selling it will result in loss

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 螃蟹 (“crab”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 螃蟹, 蟹
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 螃蟹
Taiwan 螃蟹
Harbin 蟹子
Shenyang 螃蟹
Malaysia 螃蟹
Singapore 螃蟹
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 螃蟹
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 螃蟹, 肥蟹
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 螃蟹
Wanrong 螃蟹
Xi'an 螃蟹
Xining 螃蟹
Xuzhou 螃蟹
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 螃蟹
Lanzhou 螃蟹
Ürümqi 螃蟹
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 螃蟹
Wuhan 螃蟹, 蟹子
Guiyang 螃蟹
Kunming 螃蟹
Guilin 螃蟹
Liuzhou 螃蟹
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 螃蟹
Yangzhou 螃蟹
Hefei 爬蟹
Chuzhou 螃蟹
Huanggang 蟹子
Cantonese Guangzhou 蟹, 打橫
Hong Kong 蟹
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 蟹
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 蟹
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 蟹
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 蟹
Macau 蟹
Guangzhou (Panyu) 蟹
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蟹
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蟹
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 蟹
Foshan 蟹
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 蟹
Foshan (Shunde) 蟹
Foshan (Sanshui) 蟹
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蟹
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 蟹
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蟹
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蟹
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蟹
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蟹
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蟹
Taishan 蟹
Kaiping (Chikan) 蟹
Enping (Niujiang) 蟹
Heshan (Yayao) 蟹
Dongguan 蟹
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蟹
Shaoguan 蟹
Yangjiang 蟹
Xinyi 螃鉗
Lianjiang 蟹
Nanning 螃蟹 large, 螃鉗 small
Wuzhou 螃蟹
Yulin 螃鉗
Hepu (Lianzhou) 螃蟹
Beihai 蟹
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 螃蟹
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 蟹, 青蟹
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 螃蟹
Danzhou 蟹
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 蟹
Singapore (Guangfu) 蟹
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 蟹
Móng Cái 蟹
Gan Nanchang 螃蟹
Lichuan 螃蟹
Pingxiang 爬拐, 螃蟹
Hakka Meixian 老蟹
Xingning 老蟹
Dabu (Xihe) 老蟹
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 蟹
Dongguan (Qingxi) 老蟹
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 老蟹
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 蟹
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 老蟹
Wuhua (Huacheng) 老蟹
Wuhua (Changbu) 老蟹
Wuhua (Mianyang) 老蟹
Heyuan (Bendihua) 老蟹
Wengyuan 老蟹
Jiexi 老蟹
Luhe 老蟹
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 老蟹
Changting 螃蟹
Wuping 蟹子
Wuping (Yanqian) 蟹子
Liancheng 螃蟹
Ninghua 螃蟹
Yudu 壙蟹
Ningdu 壙蟹, 螃蟹
Ruijin 壙蟹
Shicheng 壙蟹
Shangyou (Shexi) 老蟹
Tonggu (Sandu) 老蟹
Ganzhou (Panlong) 老蟹
Dayu 老蟹
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毛蟹
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 老蟹
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毛蟹
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 老蟹
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 老蟹, 毛蟹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 老蟹
Hong Kong 老蟹, 蟹
Yangxi (Tangkou) 蟹
Yangchun (Sanjia) 老蟹
Xinyi (Qianpai) 老蟹
Gaozhou (Xindong) 老蟹
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 老蟹
Huazhou (Xin'an) 老蟹
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 老蟹
Lianjiang (Qingping) 老蟹
Mengshan (Xihe) 螃蟹
Luchuan 老蟹
Luchuan (Daqiao) 老蟹
Bobai (Shahe) 老蟹
Sabah (Longchuan) 老蟹
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 老蟹
Senai (Huiyang) 老蟹
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 老蟹
Singkawang 老蟹
Huizhou Jixi 蟹蟹
Jin Taiyuan 螃蟹
Xinzhou 螃蟹
Hohhot 螃蟹
Northern Min Jian'ou 螃蟹
Songxi 蟹
Zhenghe 蟹
Jianyang 蟹仔
Wuyishan 蟹仔
Pucheng (Shibei) 蟹仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 螃蟹
Fuzhou (Changle) 鰻蟹
Yongtai 老蟹
Southern Min Xiamen 蟳仔, 蟳
Xiamen (Tong'an) 蟳
Quanzhou 蟳仔, 蟳
Jinjiang 蟳
Zhangzhou 蟳仔, 蟳
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 蟳
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 蟳
Kaohsiung 蟳仔
Yilan 蟳仔
Changhua (Lukang) 蟳仔
Taichung 蟳仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 蟳仔
Tainan 蟳
Taitung 蟳
Hsinchu 蟳仔
Penghu (Magong) 蠘仔
Penang (Hokkien) 蟳
Singapore (Hokkien) 蟳, 蟳仔
Manila (Hokkien) 蟳
Longyan 肉蟹
Pingnan (Shangdu) 螃蟹
Chaozhou 蟹
Shantou 蟹, 田蟹
Jieyang 蟹
Haifeng 蟹
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蟹
Singapore (Teochew) 蟹
Leizhou 蟹
Wenchang 蟹
Haikou 蟹
Singapore (Hainanese) 蟹
Central Min Yong'an 蟹
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 蟹
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 螃蟹
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 螃蟹
Shehua Fu'an 蟹仔
Fuding 蟹
Luoyuan 老蟹
Sanming 老蟹
Shunchang 老蟹
Hua'an 老蟹
Guixi (Zhangping) 老蟹
Cangnan 老蟹
Jingning (Hexi) 老蟹
Lishui 老蟹
Longyou 老蟹
Chaozhou 老蟹
Fengshun 老蟹
Wu Shanghai 蟹
Shanghai (Chongming) 蟹, 老毛蟹
Suzhou 蟹
Wuxi 蟹
Danyang 螃蟹, 蟹
Hangzhou 湖蟹
Ningbo 蟹
Wenzhou 蟹, 十隻腳
Jinhua 蟹
Xiang Changsha 螃蟹
Loudi 螃蟹
Shuangfeng 螃蟹, 螃解子
Quanzhou 螃蟹

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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蟹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: げ (ge)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai)
  • Kun: かに (kani, 蟹)

Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
蟹 (kani, gane): a crab.
Kanji in this term
蟹
かに
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese; attested in the Kojiki of 712;[1][2] in turn, reconstructed from Proto-Japonic *kani. Further etymology unknown, although some sources claim that the final syllable ni is related to 丹 (ni, “red clay”).[1]

Many dialects also have a initial voiced consonant in the first syllable.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [1]

Noun

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蟹(かに) or 蟹(カニ) • (kani) 

  1. [from 712] a crab (infraorder Brachyura)
  2. [date unspecified] the act of walking stretched and sideways, like a crab
  3. [from late Edo period] the act of a prostitute who secretly meets with her lover
  4. (slang, criminal, stall keeper) [from 1892] scissors
  5. (colloquial) [date unspecified] a handjob (stimulating the penis using a hand); a pussy (vulva); a prostitute
  6. [from 970-999] Synonym of 蟹糞 (kanikuso, “meconium”)
  7. [date unspecified] a swell of an infant with water and pus
    Synonym: 水瘡 (mizugasa)
  8. [date unspecified] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) containing crabs, a front-facing crab in a circle, and square crabs
  9. [date unspecified] a head in 人形浄瑠璃 (ningyōjōruri) whose face is stretched out like a crab; two is used for honest men and another for minor characters
  10. [date unspecified] a style used in 生け花 (ikebana) whose metallic part looks like a crab
  11. [from 1930] a term used to mock Western women who are bow-legged
Usage notes
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  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カニ.

Etymology 2

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Variant of 蟹 (kani). This reading is also used in some Japanese dialects.

Noun

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蟹(がね) • (gane) 

  1. (obsolete in standard Japanese) [from 1847] Synonym of 蟹 (kani, “crab”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 “かに 【蟹】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 204
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Kikai

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Kanji

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蟹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 蟹 (kani, “crab”).

Possibly cognate with Korean 게 (ge, “crab”); compare Jeju 깅이 (ging'i, “crab”).

Noun

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蟹(がにー) (ganī) 

  1. crab

Korean

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Hanja

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蟹 (eumhun 게 해 (ge hae))

  1. crab

Miyako

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Kanji

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蟹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 蟹 (kani, “crab”).

Possibly cognate with Korean 게 (ge, “crab”); compare Jeju 깅이 (ging'i, “crab”).

Noun

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蟹(かん) (kan) 

  1. crab

Okinawan

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Kanji

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蟹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 蟹(かに) (kani). Possibly cognate with Korean 게 (ge, “crab”); compare Jeju 깅이 (ging'i, “crab”).

Noun

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蟹(がに) (gani) 

  1. crab

Okinoerabu

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Kanji

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蟹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 蟹 (kani, “crab”).

Possibly cognate with Korean 게 (ge, “crab”); compare Jeju 깅이 (ging'i, “crab”).

Noun

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蟹(がに) (gani) 

  1. crab

Vietnamese

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Han character

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蟹: Hán Nôm readings: giải

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yoron

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Kanji

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蟹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 蟹 (kani, “crab”).

Possibly cognate with Korean 게 (ge, “crab”);

Noun

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蟹(がん) (gan) 

  1. crab
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