丞相

Chinese

		deputy	chancellor
simp. and trad. (丞相)		丞	相

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chéngxiàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ soeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-siùⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ siang³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chéngxiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chéngsiàng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-hsiang⁴
    • Yale: chéng-syàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngshianq
    • Palladius: чэнсян (čɛnsjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 丞相 成像 成象

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sing⁴ soeng³
    • Yale: sìhng seung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ soeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ sêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ sœːŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-siùⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sîng-siùnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sengsviux
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ siũ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁵ siang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng siàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzying sjangH

Rime
Character	丞	相
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	署陵切	息亮切
Baxter	dzying	sjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/sɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/siɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑieŋ/	/siɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiŋ/	/sɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/ʑiəŋ/	/siaŋH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭəŋ/	/sĭaŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əŋ/	/si̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	xiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing4	soeng3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-təŋ  [s]aŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljɯŋs  slaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丞	相
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng	xiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzying ›	‹ sjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-təŋ/	/*[s]aŋ-s/
English	assist	appearance, quality
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丞	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
No.	1415	13586
Phonetic component	丞	相
Rime group	蒸	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	丞	相
Old Chinese	/*ɡljɯŋs/	/*slaŋs/

Noun

丞相

1. (historical) Chancellor of State

   • 漢罷三公官，置丞相、御史大夫。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     汉罢三公官，置丞相、御史大夫。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3^rd century CE

     Hàn bà sāngōng guān, zhì chéngxiàng, yùshǐdàfū. [Pinyin]

     During the Han dynasty, the offices of Three Ducal Ministers were abolished, and those of the Grand Chancellor and Imperial Censor were established.

   • 炙手可熱勢絕倫，慎莫近前丞相嗔。 [MSC, trad.]
     炙手可热势绝伦，慎莫近前丞相嗔。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: Tang dynasty, Du Fu, Fair Ladies: A Ballad (《麗人行》), translation by Stephen Owen, The Poetry of Du Fu

     Zhìshǒukěrè shì juélún, shèn mò jìnqián chéngxiàng chēn. [Pinyin]

     Heat that can burn the hands, power beyond all measure―
     Take care not to come close before the Minister's angry glare!

Synonyms

• 相府 (xiàngfǔ)
• 相 (xiàng)
• 相國／相国 (xiàngguó)
• 宰相 (zǎixiàng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (丞相):

• → Japanese: 丞相(じょうしょう) (jōshō); 丞相(しょうじょう) (shōjō)
• → Korean: 승상(丞相) (seungsang)
• → Vietnamese: thừa tướng (丞相)

See also

• 首相 (shǒuxiàng)
• 議長／议长 (yìzhǎng)
• 主席 (zhǔxí)
• 總理／总理 (zǒnglǐ)
• 總統／总统 (zǒngtǒng)
• 閣揆／阁揆 (gékuí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
丞	相
じょう Jinmeiyō	しょう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じょーしょー [jòóshóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ːɕo̞ː]

Noun

丞(じょう)相(しょう) • (jōshō) ^{←じようしやう (zyousyau)?}

1. (historical) prime minister (in ancient China)

Korean

Hanja in this term
丞	相

Noun

丞相 • (seungsang) (hangeul 승상)

1. hanja form^? of 승상 (“prime minister”)