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矜

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
矜 U+77DC, 矜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77DC
← 矛
[U+77DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矝 →
[U+77DD]

Translingual

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Han character

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矜 (Kangxi radical 110, 矛+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹人戈弓 (NHOIN), four-corner 18227, composition ⿰矛今)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 822, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23852
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1233, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2764, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+77DC

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 矜
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Corrupted from 矝, which is a Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ): semantic 矛 (“spear”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Modern Mandarin pronunciation follows the corrupted phonetic part 今 (jīn).

Etymology 1

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trad. 矜
simp. # 矜

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 矜
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居陵切
Baxter king
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ging1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矜 矜
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jīn jīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ king › ‹ king ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k-riŋ/ (dialect: *k-r- > k-, *-iŋ > MC -ing) /*k-riŋ/
English pity (v.) boastful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矜
Reading # 3/3
No. 6631
Phonetic
component 		今
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		兢
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯŋ/

Definitions

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矜

  1. to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 矜
simp. # 矜
alternative forms 𥎊

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 矜 矜
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 群 (30) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 眞 (44) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 巨巾切 巨斤切
Baxter gin gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiɪn/ /ɡɨn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚin/ /ɡɨn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡien/ /ɡiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gjin/ /gɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjĕn/ /ɡiən/
Wang
Li 		/ɡǐĕn/ /ɡĭən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ĕn/ /gi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kan4 kan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矜
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡriŋ/
English kind of lance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矜 矜
Reading # 1/3 2/3
No. 6629 6630
Phonetic
component 		今 今
Rime
group 		文 文
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		𥎊 勤
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrɯn/ /*ɡɯn/
Notes 𥎊下注古體 𥎊下注古體

Definitions

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矜

  1. † handle of a spear

Etymology 3

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trad. 矜
simp. # 矜

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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矜

  1. † Alternative form of 鰥 / 鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”)
  2. † Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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矜

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. pride
  2. respect

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun)

  1. pity
  2. feel sorry for
  3. show sympathy for
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