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熊

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 態
熊 U+718A, 熊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-718A
← 熉
[U+7189] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 熋 →
[U+718B]

Translingual

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Han character

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熊 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心火 (IPF), four-corner 21331, composition ⿱能灬)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 679, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1090, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2227, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+718A

Chinese

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trad. 熊
simp. # 熊
alternative forms 能
𤌶
𤠗
𪏛
𧰯
Wikipedia has an article on:
熊
熊

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 熊
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j22798
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30031
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to Shuowen, phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷlɯm) : semantic 能 (“bear”) + abbreviated phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).

This character originally represented an onomatopoetic word (熊熊 (xióngxióng, “(of flame) raging”)). Later its semantic component 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ), the character for the Old Chinese word "bear", was borrowed for another word. This character thus began to represent the word "bear" instead.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-wam. Cognate with Tibetan དོམ (dom, “bear”), Burmese ဝံ (wam) (in ဝက်ဝံ (wak-wam, “bear”)).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hîm - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • hiông - literary.
Note:
  • hing5 - Chenghai;
  • him5 - other places.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 熊
Mandarin Beijing /ɕyŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕyŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕyŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕyuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕyŋ²⁴/
Xining /ɕyə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕyŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕỹn⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕyŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕioŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /ɕioŋ²¹/
Kunming /ɕiŋ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕioŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦioŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ɕioŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
Nanning /juŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiɔŋ³⁵/
/him³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /him⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiɔŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 熊
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羽弓切
Baxter hjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭuŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 熊
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xióng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm/
English bear (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 熊
Reading # 1/1
No. 13906
Phonetic
component 		熊
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		雄
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷlɯm/

Definitions

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熊

  1. bear (mammal) (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 隻／只 m c mn)
  2. (colloquial) to scold (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  3. (colloquial) timid; cowardly
  4. (Northeastern Mandarin) to bully; to extort
  5. (gay slang) bear (large, hairy man, especially a homosexual one)
  6. (archaic, Muping and Xining Mandarin, Xinzhou Jin) black bear
  7. a surname: Xiong (mainland China); Hsiung (Taiwan); Hung (Hong Kong)
    熊十力  ―  Xióng Shílì  ―  Xiong Shili (20th-century Chinese philosopher)

Synonyms

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  • (bear):
Dialectal synonyms of 熊 (“bear”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 熊
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 狗熊, 熊瞎子
Taiwan 熊
Chengde 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子
Chifeng 狗熊, 熊瞎子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狗熊, 熊瞎子, 黑熊
Heihe 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
Qiqihar 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
Harbin 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子, 黑熊
Jiamusi 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
Baicheng 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 狗駝子
Changchun 狗熊, 熊瞎子
Tonghua 熊瞎子
Shenyang 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子
Jinzhou 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子
Singapore 熊
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 狗熊
Cangzhou 狗熊
Baoding 狗熊, 熊
Shijiazhuang 狗熊, 熊, 黑瞎得
Lijin 狗熊
Jinan 狗熊, 熊, 黑瞎子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 黑傻子
Dandong 狗熊, 熊, 熊瞎子, 黑瞎子
Yantai 黑瞎子
Qingdao 黑瞎子
Zhucheng 狗熊兒, 大老黑
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 熊
Lingbao 狗熊
Jining 狗熊, 黑瞎子
Wanrong 熊
Linfen 狗熊
Shangqiu 狗熊, 熊
Yuanyang 狗熊, 熊
Zhengzhou 狗熊, 狗黑兒
Xinyang 熊
Ankang 熊
Baihe 熊
Xi'an 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
Baoji 狗熊, 熊
Tianshui 熊
Xining 狗熊, 熊
Xuzhou 熊, 狗黑子
Fuyang 熊, 狗黑子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 狗熊, 熊
Lanzhou 狗熊, 熊
Dunhuang 熊
Hami 熊
Ürümqi 狗熊
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 狗熊, 熊
Nanchong 熊
Dazhou 人熊, 狗熊
Hanyuan 老熊
Xichang 狗熊, 熊
Zigong 狗熊, 熊
Chongqing 熊, 熊嘎婆
Wuhan 狗熊, 熊
Yichang 狗熊, 熊
Xiangyang 熊
Tianmen 狗熊, 熊
Guiyang 狗熊
Zunyi 狗熊
Bijie 狗熊
Liping 狗熊
Zhaotong 狗熊
Dali 狗熊
Kunming 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
Mengzi 老熊
Guilin 熊
Liuzhou 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
Jishou 熊
Changde 熊
Hanzhong 熊
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 狗熊, 熊
Yangzhou 狗熊, 熊
Lianyungang 狗熊, 熊
Lianshui 狗熊, 熊
Nantong 熊
Anqing 狗熊, 熊
Wuhu 狗熊, 熊
Hefei 狗熊, 熊
Hong'an 熊
Cantonese Guangzhou 熊, 熊人
Hong Kong 熊人, 熊
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 熊
Macau 熊
Guangzhou (Panyu) 熊
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 熊
Guangzhou (Conghua) 熊
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 熊
Foshan 熊
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 熊
Foshan (Shunde) 熊
Foshan (Sanshui) 熊人
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 熊
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 熊
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 熊
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 熊
Zhuhai (Doumen) 熊
Jiangmen (Baisha) 熊
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 熊
Taishan 熊
Kaiping (Chikan) 熊
Enping (Niujiang) 熊
Heshan (Yayao) 熊
Dongguan 熊
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 熊
Gan Nanchang 熊
Pingxiang 熊
Hakka Meixian 熊家
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 熊
Dongguan (Qingxi) 熊
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 熊
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 熊人
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 熊
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 熊
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 熊
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 熊
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 熊
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 熊
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 熊
Huizhou Jixi 熊
Shexian 狗熊, 熊
Jin Taiyuan 狗熊, 熊
Yangyuan 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
Datong 狗熊
Xinzhou 狗熊, 熊
Lüliang (Lishi) 狗熊, 熊
Changzhi 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
Linhe 狗熊
Jining 熊
Hohhot 狗熊, 熊
Erenhot 人熊, 熊, 狗熊
Pingshan 狗熊
Zhangjiakou 狗熊, 人熊
Handan 狗熊, 熊
Linzhou 熊
Suide 熊
Eastern Min Fuzhou 熊
Southern Min Taipei (Wanhua) 熊
Kaohsiung 熊
Yilan 熊
Changhua (Lukang) 熊
Taichung 熊
Taichung (Wuqi) 熊
Tainan 熊
Taitung 熊
Hsinchu 熊
Penghu (Magong) 熊
Leizhou 狗熊
Haikou 熊
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 熊
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 熊, 狗熊
Wu Shanghai 熊
Shanghai (Chongming) 熊
Suzhou 熊
Jinhua 熊
Xiang Changsha 熊
Loudi 熊
Hengyang 狗熊
  • (to scold):
  • (timid):
  • (black bear):
Dialectal synonyms of 黑熊 (“black bear”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 黑熊
Northeastern Mandarin Harbin 黑瞎子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 熊
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 狗黑子, 黑瞎子
Xining 狗熊, 熊
Xuzhou 狗黑子, 狗熊, 黑狗熊, 黑瞎子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 狗熊
Ürümqi 狗熊
Southwestern Mandarin Guiyang 狗熊
Cantonese Guangzhou 熊人
Gan Lichuan 烏熊, 狗熊
Jin Xinzhou 狗熊, 熊
Southern Min Xiamen 烏熊
Wu Danyang 狗熊

Compounds

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References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “熊”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

Japanese

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Kanji

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熊

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. bear

Readings

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  • Go-on: う (u)
  • Kan-on: ゆう (yū)
  • Kun: くま (kuma, 熊, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: かげ (kage)

Compounds

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Etymology

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熊 (kuma): a brown bear.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
熊
くま
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Further derivation is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Pronunciation

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Noun

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熊(くま) or 熊(クマ) • (kuma) 

  1. [from 712] a bear (large mammal of family Ursidae)
  2. [from 1701] (slang) hairiness in general; (more specifically) a bear, an otter (a hairy man, especially one who is gay)
  3. [???] (theater) standing room only audience members in the pit (from the way the standing section would often have a metal railing or fence separating it, resembling a bear cage)

Usage notes

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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クマ.

Derived terms

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Prefix

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熊(くま) or 熊(クマ) • (kuma-) 

  1. [from 712] prefixed to other nouns for animals or plants to indicate large size or great strength, relative to other varieties

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 熊 (MC hjuwng).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅮᇰ (Yale: hhwùng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 곰〯 (Yale: kwǒm) 우ᇰ (Yale: wùng)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

熊 (eumhun 곰 웅 (gom ung))

  1. hanja form? of 웅 (“bear”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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熊

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. bear

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
熊
くま
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 熊 (kuma, “bear”) and Korean 곰 (gom).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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熊(くま) (kuma) 

  1. bear

References

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  • “くま【熊】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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熊: Hán Nôm readings: hùng

  1. bear
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