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U+5922, 夢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5922

[U+5921]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5923]

夢 U+2F85E, 夢
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F85E
多
[U+2F85D]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 奢
[U+2F85F]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms

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Note that in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the character is written with on top instead of , as found in the Kangxi dictionary. Traditionally, the character is listed under the radical (sunset). However, in simplified Chinese and Japanese dictionaries, the character may be listed under the radical (grass) as the (crown/hairstyle) component has been simplified to .

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 36, +10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿田中弓 (TWLN), four-corner 44207, composition 𦭝(GJKV) or ⿱⿳(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 247, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5801
  • Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 864, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+5922

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms


𡬌
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

In the Oracle bone script, a pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) – a person () lying on a bed (), sometimes with restless hands (compare the oracle-bone character for ) and sometimes with the eye () emphasized.

In the Bronze inscriptions, the eye () has eyebrows above it (compare ), and the person's body is attached underneath, now written as two dots on either side. The bed is no longer present, and instead (“moon; night”) has been added.

In the modern form 夢, the eyebrows are written , the eyes are written , and the person's body has become , while remains on the bottom.

According to Shuowen, it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs) : phonetic (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs) + semantic .

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k) (dream); compare Tibetan རྨང་ལམ (rmang lam, dream), Chepang माङः (dream), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s-makᴴ ~ *s-maŋ¹ (dream), Mizo mang (dream), Japhug tɯ-jmŋo (dream) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • máe̤ng - vernacular;
  • móng - literary.
Note:
  • mang4 - vernacular;
  • morng4 - literary.
Note:
  • bāng - vernacular;
  • bōng - literary.
Note:
  • mang1 - vernacular;
  • mong7 - literary.
Note:
  • Shanghai:
    • 6maon - vernacular;
    • 6mon - literary.
Note:
  • mong5 - vernacular;
  • mong4 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /məŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /məŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /məŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /məŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /fəŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /məŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /məŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /mə̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /məŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /mə̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /mɤŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /moŋ³⁵/
    Chengdu /moŋ¹³/
    Guiyang /moŋ²¹³/
    Kunming /moŋ²¹²/
    Nanjing /mən⁴⁴/
    Hefei /məŋ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /məŋ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /məŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /mə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /mɑ̃²³/
    /moŋ²³/
    Suzhou /moŋ³¹/
    Hangzhou /moŋ¹³/
    Wenzhou /moŋ²²/
    Hui Shexian /mʌ̃²²/
    Tunxi /man¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /moŋ⁵⁵/
    /moŋ¹¹/
    Xiangtan /mən²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /muŋ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /mu⁵³/
    Taoyuan /muŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /moŋ²²/
    Nanning /muŋ²²/
    Hong Kong /muŋ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bɔŋ²²/
    /baŋ²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mɔyŋ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mɔŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /maŋ³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /moŋ³⁵/
    /maŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (2)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter mjuwngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mɨuŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /miuŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /miuŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /muwŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /miuŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /mĭuŋH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /mi̯uŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    mèng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    mung6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    mèng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ mjuwngH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.məŋ-s/
    English dream

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 8998
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mɯŋs/

    Definitions

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    1. dream (Classifier: m c mn;  m c mn)
        ―  měimèng  ―  good dream
        ―  mèngyǎn  ―  nightmare
        ―  zuòmèng  ―  to dream
      [Cantonese]  ―  faat3 mung6 [Jyutping]  ―  to dream
      尋晚關於裡面見到一齊健身 [Cantonese, trad.]
      寻晚关于里面见到一齐健身 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 cam4 maan5 faat3 zo2 go3 mung6, hai6 gwaan1 jyu1 nei5 ge3. hai2 mung6 leoi5 min6 ngo5 gin3 dou3-2 nei5 tung4 ngo5 jat1 cai4 gin6 san1. [Jyutping]
      This morning I had a dream about you. In the dream, I saw you working out with me.
    2. to dream; to have dreams
    3. (figurative) dream; aspiration; ambition; goal
      一個一个  ―  Wǒ yǒu yīge mèng.  ―  I have a dream.
    4. a surname
    Synonyms
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    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Vietnamese: mộng ()

    Etymology 2

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

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    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (2)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter mjuwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mɨuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /miuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /miuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /muwŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /miuŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /mĭuŋ/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /mi̯uŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    méng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    mung4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8996
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mɯŋ/

    Definitions

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    1. muddled

    Compounds

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    References

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    • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[5], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    ゆめ
    Grade: 5
    kun'yomi

    ⟨i me2 → */jiməɨ//jɨme//jume/

    Shift from Old Japanese (ime2), itself a compound of (i, sleep, sleeping, obsolete) +‎ (me, eye; sight, vision).[1][2][3]

    Appears in texts from the 900s.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (ゆめ) (yume

    1. a dream
      • 1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “夢カメラ [Dream Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・F・不二雄 SF全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 275:
        これはなんです!
        Kore wa nan desu!
        What is this!?
        こ これは(ゆめ)カメラといって……
        Ko kore wa Yume Kamera to itte……
        Th– This was taken with the Dream Camera…
        なにをユメみたいなこといってるんですか
        Nani o yume mitai na koto itterun desu ka
        Are you saying this is just a dream!?
    2. a vision (wish for the future)
    3. leaving reality to the state of lusciousness (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    4. a fantasy (idea from one's imagination)
    5. an illusion or delusion
      Synonym: 迷夢 (meimu)
    6. something fragile (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    Derived terms
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    Idioms
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    Proverbs
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    Proper noun

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    (ゆめ) (Yume

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 5
    goon

    From Middle Chinese (MC mjuwngH).

    Affix

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    () (mu

    1. dream
    2. illusion
    3. vision
    4. fantasy
    Derived terms
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    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
    2. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
    3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC mjuwngH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 모ᇰ〮 (Yale: mwóng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[6] ᄭᅮᆷ〮 (Yale: skwúm) 모ᇰ〯 (Yale: mwǒng)

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mo̞(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (kkum mong))

    1. hanja form? of (dream) [affix]

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [7]

    Old Japanese

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Japonic *imay.

    Compound of (i, sleep, sleeping) +‎ (me2, eye; sight, vision).[1][2][3]

    Noun

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    (ime2) (kana いめ)

    1. a dream
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 490:
        , text here
        真野之浦乃与騰乃継橋情由毛思哉妹之伊目尓之所見
        Mano1-no2-ura no2 yo2do2 no2 tugi1pasi ko2ko2ro2 yu mo omope2 ya imo ga ime2 ni si mi1yuru
        inside Mano a faltered bridge and even through the heart the memories in the dream the sister was to be seen

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Japanese: (yume)

    References

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    1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
    2. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[4] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: mộng, mọng, mống, mồng, mòng, muống

    1. chữ Hán form of mộng (dream).

    References

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