什麼
Chinese
[edit]| tenth (used in fractions) | dimi. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (什麼/甚麼/什麽/甚麽) | 什/甚 | 麼/麽 | |
| simp. (什么) | 什 | 么 | |
| alternative forms | |||
Etymology
[edit]Corruption of medieval 是物 (MC dzyeX mjut, “why”) (Yuan et al., 1996: 318–324) or 什物 (MC dzyip mjut, “miscellaneous items”) (Norman, 1988; Zhang, 1982), perhaps influenced by 何物 (OC *ɡaːl mɯd, “what”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shénme̊
- Wade–Giles: shên2-mê5
- Yale: shén-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern.me
- Palladius: шэньмэ (šɛnʹmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən³⁵ mə³/
- (Standard Chinese, common variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shéme̊
- Wade–Giles: shê2-mê5
- Yale: shé-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher.me
- Palladius: шэмэ (šɛmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤ³⁵ mə³/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜㄇˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shém
- Wade–Giles: shêm2
- Yale: shém
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shem2
- Palladius: шэм (šɛm)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂəm³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˇ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shěnme̊
- Wade–Giles: shên3-mê5
- Yale: shěn-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheen.me
- Palladius: шэньмэ (šɛnʹmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən²¹⁴ mə⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˇ ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shěme̊
- Wade–Giles: shê3-mê5
- Yale: shě-me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shee.me
- Palladius: шэмэ (šɛmɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤ²¹⁴ mə⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
Note: Many other variant pronunciations exist.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sam6 mo1
- Yale: sahm mō
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam6 mo1
- Guangdong Romanization: sem6 mo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm²² mɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
Note:
- sim6 moh4 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- se6 moh4 - Jieyang.
Pronoun
[edit]什麼
- (interrogative) what
- something
- anything; whatever
- (used to express surprise or anger) what
- (used before an enumeration) thing like; such as; and so on; and what not
- (used to express disapproval, disagreement)
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 什麼 (“what”) [map]
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Translingual: Yiminaspis shenme
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 什 | 麼 |
| いん Hyōgai |
も Hyōgai |
| irregular | tōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 恁麼 |
From spoken Middle Chinese 恁麼 / 恁么 (nyimX muɑ, “what?”, archaic).[1] The spelling shifted to include the Chinese synonym 什麼 / 什么 (modern Mandarin reading of shénme), while keeping the inmo reading for 恁麼 / 恁么 (rènme), instead of the expected reading for 什麼.
Imported into Japanese by Zen monks who had studied in China.[1] Generally restricted to use by Zen practitioners.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- (rare) what
- 1906, 夏目漱石 (Natsume Sōseki), 吾輩は猫である (Wagahai wa neko de aru)[1], 青空文庫 (Aozora Bunko):
Usage notes
[edit]Generally followed by the possessive particle の (no) and used as an adnominal, with a meaning of what kind of.
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 什 | 麼 |
| どんな | |
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun | |
Orthographic borrowing from Mandarin 什麼 / 什么 (“what”).
Definitions
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 什麼 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 什麼, is an alternative spelling (literary, obsolete) of the above term.) |
Adjective
[edit]- (rare) what
- 1931, 大庭武年 (Ōba Taketoshi), 旅客機事件 (ryokakuki jiken)[2], 青空文庫 (Aozora Bunko):
- 若し僕にアリバイが出来なかったとしたら、僕等は什麼恐ろしい結果になっていたか知れない
- moshi boku ni aribai gadekinakattatoshitara, bokura wa donna osoroshī kekka ni natte ita ka shirenai
- If I hadn't had an alibi, who knows what kind of terrible outcome would have awaited us?
- 若し僕にアリバイが出来なかったとしたら、僕等は什麼恐ろしい結果になっていたか知れない
References
[edit]Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese pronouns
- Mandarin pronouns
- Cantonese pronouns
- Hokkien pronouns
- Teochew pronouns
- Wu pronouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 什
- Chinese terms spelled with 麼
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 什
- Japanese terms spelled with 麼 read as も
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese pronouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 麼
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms borrowed from Mandarin
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Mandarin
- Japanese terms derived from Mandarin
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese literary terms
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses