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質

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 貭 and 质
質 U+8CEA, 質
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CEA
← 賩
[U+8CE9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賫 →
[U+8CEB]

Translingual

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Han character

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質 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹中月山金 (HLBUC), four-corner 72806, composition ⿱斦貝)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8CEA

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 質
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (質) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
質 *tids, *tjid
躓 *tids
懫 *tids, *tjid
礩 *tjids, *tjid
櫍 *tjid
劕 *tjid
鑕 *tjid

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 斦 + 貝. Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , where he regards 斦 as an original form of 櫍 (OC *tjid).

Etymology 1

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trad. 質
simp. 质
alternative forms 貭
筫
𫎘
𧸲

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
  • zioh4 - Shantou.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 質
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃz̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ²/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sət̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʃït̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sioʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 質
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之日切
Baxter tsyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cit̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 質
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*t-lit/
English substance, solid part

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 質
Reading # 2/2
No. 17401
Phonetic
component 		質
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		質
Old
Chinese 		/*tjid/
Notes 金文本從折聲

Definitions

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質

  1. matter; material; substance
  2. nature; intrinsic quality; essence
  3. quality
  4. (Cantonese, literary, or in compounds) to query; to ask about
  5. (literary, or in compounds) simple; plain
  6. Alternative form of 櫍／𬃊 (zhì)
Synonyms
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  • (quality):
Dialectal synonyms of 質量 (“quality (opposite of quantity 數量)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 質, 品
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 品質, 成色, 質量
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 質量, 品質
Taiwan 品質
Singapore 品質
Cantonese Hong Kong 質素, 品質
  • (to query):
  • (simple):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 質
simp. 质
alternative forms 貭
筫
𫎘
𧸲

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
  • chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.
    Rime
    Character 質
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 脂 (17)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 陟利切
    Baxter trijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈˠiɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈᵚiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈjiH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶjiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶiH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȶiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zi3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 質
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ trijH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[t]<r>ip-s/
    English hostage; gift

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 質
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 17397
    Phonetic
    component         		質
    Rime
    group         		至
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		致
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tids/

    Definitions

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    質

    1. to pawn
    2. collateral; security; object or person given as a pledge
      人質／人质  ―  rénzhì  ―  hostage
    3. Alternative form of 贄／贽 (zhì, “gifts to superiors”)
    4. a surname: Zhi

    Compounds

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    Etymology 3

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    trad. 質
    simp. 质
    alternative forms 枳

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    質

    1. (Cantonese) to stuff; to shove
    Synonyms
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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    質

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. content
    2. characteristic
    3. natural appearance
    4. confirm
    5. mortgage
    6. (financial, archaic, rare) seven

    Readings

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    Alternative forms

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    質
    しつ
    Grade: 5
    kan'on

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    質(しつ) • (shitsu) 

    1. quality

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    質
    しち
    Grade: 5
    goon

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    質(しち) • (shichi) 

    1. pawn

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    質
    たち
    Grade: 5
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 質 – see the following entry.
    【たち】
    [noun] nature (of a person or an illness)
    (This term, 質, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology 1

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    From Middle Chinese 質 (MC tsyit).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    質 (eumhun 바탕 질 (batang jil))

    1. hanja form? of 질 (“matter”)
    2. hanja form? of 질 (“nature; disposition”)
    3. hanja form? of 질 (“quality”)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 2

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    From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 質 (MC tsyit). The original reading is 지 (ji) based on Middle Chinese 質 (MC trijH, “hostage”).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    質 (eumhun 볼모 질 (bolmo jil))

    1. hanja form? of 질 (“hostage”)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 3

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    Related to Middle Chinese 贄 (MC tsyijH).

    Hanja

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    質 (eumhun 폐백(幣帛) 지)

    1. Alternative form of 贄 (“hanja form? of 지 (“gift”)”)

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    質: Hán Nôm readings: chất, chát, chắc, chặt, chắt, chớt

    1. question, investigate
    2. mortgage
    3. manner, essence
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