kata

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kata"

English

A woman performing a kata

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkætə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ætə

Etymology 1

From Japanese 型 (literally “pattern, model”). In English use since the 1950s.

Noun

kata (plural katas or kata)

1. (martial arts) Any of a sequence of positions and movements used in many martial arts.

   judo kata

   • 1979, Masatoshi Nakayama, Best Karate: Heian, Tekki, page 12:

     About fifty kata, or "formal exercises," are practiced at the present time, some having been passed down from generation to generation, others having been developed fairly recently.

   • 2006, Kelley MacAulay, Bobbie Kalman, Karate in Action, page 22:

     Katas are a series of motions, such as punches, strikes, and kicks, arranged in a specific pattern. The pattern allows the motions to flow into one another. A student must learn a new kata to advance to each new belt level.

   • 2009, Thomas W. Hanlon, The Sports Rules Book, Human Kinetics, page 161:

     When the competitor's name is called, she stands on the designated line, bows to the panel of judges, and announces the name of the kata she will perform. […] She then performs the kata. When she is finished, her opponent performs her kata. At the end of the second kata, both return to the mat area to await the decision of the judging panel.

   • 2010, Kenji Tokitsu, The Katas: The Meaning Behind the Movements:
2. (by extension, programming) A short programming exercise to improve one's skills through practice and repetition.

   Synonym: code kata

   • 2020, Andrew Stellman, Jennifer Greene, Head First C#‎^[1], O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 728:

     These kata will give you the C# syntax for inheritance.

Derived terms

• gun kata

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”). Compare cata-.

Noun

kata (plural katas)

1. Ellipsis of kata thermometer.
2. (in combination) A drop (in temperature).

   kata factor

Adverb

kata (comparative more kata, superlative most kata)

1. In a direction analogous to down, but along the additional axis added by the fourth dimension.

   Antonym: ana

   • 1985, Rudy von Bitter Rucker, The Fourth Dimension: A Guided Tour of the Higher Universes, page 43:

     Your right half would move ana, let us say, and your left half would move kata. The two halves would, in their parallel spaces, move past the plane of rotation, and then they would swing back into our space.

   • 2005, Animation journal, volumes 13-15:

     Added to the conventional FPS control keys are two extra keys that move the player in ana and kata direction in 4d space. If you go in this extra direction the space around you changes, the room transforms.

Etymology 3

Noun

kata (plural katas)

1. Alternative form of gata (“type of Armenian pastry”)

Further reading

• kata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• kata (programming) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• taka

Chickasaw

Pronoun

kata

1. (interrogative) who
2. (interrogative) whose

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkata]

Noun

kata

1. genitive/accusative singular of kat

Esperanto

Etymology

kato (“cat”) +‎ -a (“adjective”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkata]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ata
• Hyphenation: ka‧ta

Adjective

kata (accusative singular katan, plural kataj, accusative plural katajn)

1. feline

Finnish

Verb

kata

1. inflection of kattaa:
   1. indicative present connegative
   2. second-person singular imperative present/present connegative

Anagrams

• akat, taka, taka-

Garo

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

kata

1. to run

Etymology 2

Probably from Assamese কথা (kotha)

Noun

kata

1. word

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkata/ [ˈka.t̪a]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ata
• Syllabification: ka‧ta

Noun

kata (plural kata-kata, first-person possessive kataku, second-person possessive katamu, third-person possessive katanya)

1. (linguistics) word: (the smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)
2. (uncommon) speech: vocal communication.

   Synonyms: bicara, ujar

Verb

kata (stative berkata, active mengata, transitive locative katai, transitive applicative katakan)

1. (intransitive) to say

Conjugation

Conjugation of kata (ber-, intransitive)
Root	kata
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Basic / Imperative	Emphatic / Jussive
Active	berkata	terkata	dikata	kata	katalah
Locative	–	–	–	–	–
Causative / Applicative1	mengatakan	terkatakan	dikatakan	katakan	katakanlah
	Causative
Active	–	–	–	–	–
Locative	–	–	–	–	–
Causative / Applicative1	memperkatakan	terperkatakan	diperkatakan	perkatakan	perkatakanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Conjugation of kata (meng-, intransitive)
Root	kata
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Basic / Imperative	Emphatic / Jussive
Active	mengata	terkata	dikata	kata	katalah
Locative	mengatai	terkatai	dikatai	katai	katailah
Causative / Applicative1	mengatakan	terkatakan	dikatakan	katakan	katakanlah
	Causative
Active	memperkata	terperkata	diperkata	perkata	perkatalah
Locative	memperkatai	terperkatai	diperkatai	perkatai	perkatailah
Causative / Applicative1	memperkatakan	terperkatakan	diperkatakan	perkatakan	perkatakanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• perkataan

 

• kata adat
• kata asli
• kata bantu bilangan
• kata benda
• kata bentukan
• kata berimbuhan
• kata bersayap
• kata bersusun
• kata bertimbal
• kata bilangan
• kata dasar
• kata deiktis
• kata depan
• kata fonologis
• kata ganti
• kata generik
• kata gramatikal
• kata hati
• kata hubung
• kata instruksi
• kata jadian
• kata keadaan
• kata kepala
• kata kerja
• kata keterangan
• kata klise
• kata kunci
• kata leksikal
• kata lewat
• kata majemuk
• kata morfemis
• kata mubazir
• kata nama
• kata nama abstrak
• kata nonreferensial
• kata ortografis
• kata pembimbing
• kata pendahuluan
• kata pengantar
• kata penggolong
• kata penghubung
• kata petunjuk
• kata pinjaman
• kata pivot
• kata pungutan
• kata pustaka
• kata putus
• kata sambung
• kata sambutan
• kata sandang
• kata sandi
• kata sapaan
• kata sepakat
• kata serapan
• kata seru
• kata sifat
• kata taktergolong
• kata tambahan
• kata tanya
• kata transisi
• kata tugas
• kata turunan
• kata ulang
• kata wantahan
• kelas kata
• suku kata

 

Further reading

• “kata” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Japanese

Romanization

kata

1. Rōmaji transcription of かた

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कथा (kathā).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Malaysia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Rhymes: -ta

Noun

kata (Jawi spelling کات, plural kata-kata, informal 1st possessive kataku, 2nd possessive katamu, 3rd possessive katanya)

1. word

Derived terms

• kata hubung
• kata kerja
• kata laluan
• kata nama
• kata penghubung
• kata pinjaman
• kata seru
• kata sifat
• katakan
• kosa kata
• perkataan
• sekata
• suku kata

 

Further reading

• “kata” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Nupe

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kā.tā/

Noun

kata

1. house
2. room

See also

• èmì (“house; intergenerational compound comprised of kata”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kà.tà/

Noun

kàtà (plural kàtàzhì)

1. umbrella

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀓𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• कत (Devanagari script)
• কত (Bengali script)
• කත (Sinhalese script)
• ကတ or ၵတ (Burmese script)
• กต or กะตะ (Thai script)
• ᨠᨲ (Tai Tham script)
• ກຕ or ກະຕະ (Lao script)
• កត (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄖 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From Sanskrit कृत (kṛta, “done”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás. Compare Hindi किया (kiyā), Middle Persian 𐭪𐭫𐭲 (klt /⁠-kirt⁠/).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɐ.t̪ɐ/

Verb

kata

1. past participle of karoti; done

Declension

Declension table of "kata" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kato	katā
Accusative (second)	kataṃ	kate
Instrumental (third)	katena	katehi or katebhi
Dative (fourth)	katassa or katāya or katatthaṃ	katānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	katasmā or katamhā or katā	katehi or katebhi
Genitive (sixth)	katassa	katānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	katasmiṃ or katamhi or kate	katesu
Vocative (calling)	kata	katā

Declension table of "katā" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	katā	katāyo or katā
Accusative (second)	kataṃ	katāyo or katā
Instrumental (third)	katāya	katāhi or katābhi
Dative (fourth)	katāya	katānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	katāya	katāhi or katābhi
Genitive (sixth)	katāya	katānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	katāya or katāyaṃ	katāsu
Vocative (calling)	kate	katāyo or katā

Declension table of "kata" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kataṃ	katāni
Accusative (second)	kataṃ	katāni
Instrumental (third)	katena	katehi or katebhi
Dative (fourth)	katassa or katāya or katatthaṃ	katānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	katasmā or katamhā or katā	katehi or katebhi
Genitive (sixth)	katassa	katānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	katasmiṃ or katamhi or kate	katesu
Vocative (calling)	kata	katāni

Derived terms

• sukata
• dukkata

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɐtɐ]

Noun

kata

1. (anatomy) head
2. mind
3. (of a car) bonnet, hood
4. (of a lorry) cab

Derived terms

• katapi (“pillow”)
• kata kura (“headache”)
• kata kutjara (“two-faced”)
• kata tarka (“bald”)
• Kata Tjuṯa

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.ta/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ata
• Syllabification: ka‧ta

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic قَات (qāt).

Noun

kata f

1. (rare) khat (plant)

   Synonym: czuwaliczka

Declension

Declension of kata

	singular	plural
nominative	kata	katy
genitive	katy	kat
dative	kacie	katom
accusative	katę	katy
instrumental	katą	katami
locative	kacie	katach
vocative	kato	katy

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 型.

Noun

kata f (indeclinable)

1. (martial arts) kata

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

kata

1. (Kuyavia) expresses surprise or disdain; for the love of God

   Synonyms: boga, bogać, loboga, katać

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kata m pers or m animal

1. genitive/accusative singular of kat

Further reading

• kata in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Rapa Nui

Verb

kata

1. laugh

Slovak

Noun

kata

1. genitive/accusative singular of kat

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-kata (infinitive kukata)

1. to cut (to break or sever, including in a metaphorical sense)
2. to buy (of tickets)
3. to bring to an end

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kata
Positive present -nakata Subjunctive -kate Negative -kati Imperative singular kata
Infinitives
Positive kukata Negative kutokata
Imperatives
Singular kata Plural kateni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukata Positive past positive subject concord + -likata Negative past negative subject concord + -kukata
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakata) Singular Plural 1st person ninakata/nakata tunakata 2nd person unakata mnakata 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakata wanakata other classes positive subject concord + -nakata
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kati) Singular Plural 1st person sikati hatukati 2nd person hukati hamkati 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakati hawakati other classes negative subject concord + -kati
Positive future positive subject concord + -takata Negative future negative subject concord + -takata
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kate) Singular Plural 1st person nikate tukate 2nd person ukate mkate 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akate wakate other classes positive subject concord + -kate
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikate Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekata Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekata Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikata Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikata
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akata) Singular Plural 1st person nakata twakata 2nd person wakata mwakata 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akata wakata m-mi(III/IV) wakata yakata ji-ma(V/VI) lakata yakata ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakata vyakata n(IX/X) yakata zakata u(XI) wakata see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakata pa(XVI) pakata mu(XVIII) mwakata
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekata "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakata "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakata "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikata "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokata Consecutive kakata / positive subject concord + -kakata Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakate
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikata -tukata 2nd person -kukata -wakata/-kukateni/-wakateni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkata -wakata m-mi(III/IV) -ukata -ikata ji-ma(V/VI) -likata -yakata ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikata -vikata n(IX/X) -ikata -zikata u(XI) -ukata see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukata pa(XVI) -pakata mu(XVIII) -mukata Reflexive -jikata
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kata- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kataye -katao m-mi(III/IV) -katao -katayo ji-ma(V/VI) -katalo -katayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -katacho -katavyo n(IX/X) -katayo -katazo u(XI) -katao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -katako pa(XVI) -katapo mu(XVIII) -katamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kata) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekata -okata m-mi(III/IV) -okata -yokata ji-ma(V/VI) -lokata -yokata ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokata -vyokata n(IX/X) -yokata -zokata u(XI) -okata see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokata pa(XVI) -pokata mu(XVIII) -mokata
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -katisha (“to cancel”)
  • Passive: -katwa (“to get cut”)
  • Reduplicative: -katakata (“to mince, dice”)
  • Stative: -katika (“to be cut”)
  • Other formations: -kata choo (“to interrupt (idiomatic)”), -kata tamaa (“to despair”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • ukataji (“cutting”)

Etymology 2

Noun

kata (n class, plural kata)

1. (Kenya) An administrative region in Kenya, below counties and subcounties, and further divided into sublocations.

   Synonym: (Tanzania) shehia

Derived terms

• kata ndogo (“sublocation”)

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /kaˈtaʔ/ [kɐˈt̪aʔ]
    • Rhymes: -aʔ
  • IPA^(key): /ˈkataʔ/ [ˈkaː.t̪ɐʔ] (obsolete)
• Syllabification: ka‧ta

Noun

katâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆ)

1. Alternative form of katha

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /kaˈtaʔ/ [kɐˈt̪aʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: ka‧ta

Noun

katâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆ)

1. start of bubbling of rice being boiled

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /kaˈta/ [kɐˈt̪a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ka‧ta

Pronoun

katá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆ)

1. (archaic, now dialectal) we (inclusive of the person spoken to)

See also

Tagalog personal pronouns

Person	Number	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)
First	singular	ako	ko	akin
	dual1	kita, kata	nita, nata, ta	kanita, kanata, ata
	plural inclusive	tayo	natin	atin
	plural exclusive	kami	namin	amin
First & Second	singular	kita2
Second	singular	ikaw, ka	mo	iyo
	plural	kayo, kamo	ninyo, niyo	inyo
Third	singular	siya	niya	kaniya
	plural	sila	nila	kanila
1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog. 2 Replaces ko ikaw.

Interjection

katá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆ)

1. (dialectal, Southern Tagalog) let's go! (invitation of doing something together)

   Synonyms: katang, tara, tarang, tayo, tayong

References

• “kata”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

• taka, akat, atak

Tongan

Verb

kata

1. to laugh

Volapük

Noun

kata

1. genitive singular of kat

Western Highland Chatino

Etymology

From Proto-Chatino *kesa (“tobacco”), from Proto-Zapotecan *keʔsa.

Noun

kata⁴

1. cigar, cigarette

Related terms

• lkaꞌ kata

References

• Pride, Leslie, Pride, Kitty (2010) Diccionario chatino de la zona alta: Panixtlahuaca, Oaxaca y otros pueblos‎^[2] (in Spanish), 2nd (electronic) edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 40

Yosondúa Mixtec

Etymology 1

From Proto-Mixtec *kátá.

Verb

kata

1. (transitive) sing

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

kata

1. (intransitive) have an itch

References

• Beaty de Farris, Kathryn, et al. (2012) Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎^[3] (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 27