-li-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɪ/

Infix

-li-

1. (pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -lim-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation

Derived terms

English terms interfixed with -li-

apolizumab

aselizumab

atezolizumab

benralizumab

camrelizumab

cedelizumab

certolizumab

daclizumab

eculizumab

efalizumab

erlizumab

fontolizumab

gomiliximab

ibalizumab

infliximab

mepolizumab

mogamulizumab

monalizumab

natalizumab

ocrelizumab

omalizumab

pascolizumab

pembrolizumab

pexelizumab

pidilizumab

ravulizumab

reslizumab

rontalizumab

rovelizumab

ruplizumab

samalizumab

siplizumab

talizumab

teplizumab

tislelizumab

tocilizumab

toralizumab

tregalizumab

vedolizumab

visilizumab

galiximab

lumiliximab

priliximab

teneliximab

vapaliximab

dorlixizumab

otelixizumab

atlizumab

Anagrams

• I'l, IL, il-

Swahili

Etymology 1

From -li, a stem of -wa (“to be”).

Infix

-li-

1. positive past tense marker

   Antonym: -ku-

   walikula ― they ate

   aliyelala ― the person who was asleep

   • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

     Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku Kasim alipopanda ngazi pana zilizotandikwa zulia au blanketi nene, zilizoongoza kufikia ghorofa akaayo baba yake, Bw. Hakimu Marjani.

     It was about half past seven in the night when Kasim went up the wide stairs covered with carpets or thick blankets, which led to the floor where resided his father, Mr Hakimu Marjani.

Usage notes

This marker can be used in both nonrelative and relative verbs.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -li-

		singular	plural
1st person		nili-	tuli-
2nd person		uli-	mli-
3rd person	m-wa(I/II)	ali-	wali-
	m-mi(III/IV)	uli-	ili-
	ji-ma(V/VI)	lili-	yali-
	ki-vi(VII/VIII)	kili-	vili-
	n(IX/X)	ili-	zili-
	u(XI)	uli-	see n(X) or ma(VI)
	ku(XV/XVII)	kuli-
	pa(XVI)	pali-
	mu(XVIII)	mli-

For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs.

See also

Swahili TAM markers

• Initial
  • Positive infinitive: ku-/kw-¹
  • Negative infinitive: kuto-
  • Habitual: hu-¹
  • Telegrammic: ka-¹
• Final
  • General (positive indicative): -a
  • Positive subjunctive: -e
  • Negative present: -i
  • Second person plural: -ni
• Infix position positive subject concord
  • Positive past: -li-
  • Positive present: -na-
  • Positive future: -ta-
  • Negative subjunctive: -si-¹
  • Positive present conditional: -nge-
  • Negative present conditional: -singe-
  • Positive past conditional: -ngali-
  • Negative past conditional: -singali-
  • Gnomic: -a-¹
  • Perfect: -me-
  • "Already" past: -lisha-
  • "Already" present: -mesha-/-sha-
  • "If/When": -ki-¹
  • "If not": -sipo-
  • Consecutive: -ka-¹
• Infix position negative subject concord
  • Negative past: -ku-¹
  • Negative future: -ta-
  • "Not yet": -ja-¹
  • Negative present conditional: -nge-
  • Negative past conditional: -ngali-
• Relative
  • Past: -li-
  • Present: -na-
  • Future: -taka-
  • Negative: -si-

¹ Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Infix

-li-

1. it, ji class_(V) object concord

See also

Swahili verbal concords (third person)

class	subject concord		object concord	relative
	affirmative	negative
m(I)	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	-ye
wa(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu(XVIII)	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-mu-	-mo

For a full table including first and second person,
see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns