kamo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kamo"

Aklanon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu, compare Malay kamu.

Pronoun

kamo

1. (in the plural) you

Alangan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamó

1. (in the plural) you

Amis

Pronoun

kamo

1. (in the plural) you

See also

Amis personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	exclusive	kako	kami
	inclusive	–	kita
2nd person		kiso	kamo
3rd person		ciira	caira

Bikol Central

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ka‧mo
• IPA^(key): /kaˈmo/ [kaˈmo]

Pronoun

kamó

1. (inclusive, in the plural) you

See also

Bikol Central personal pronouns

Person	Number	Absolute (ang)		Ergative (sa)		Oblique (sa)
Length		Full	Short	Full	Short
First	singular	ako		ko		sakuya, sako, saako
	plural inclusive	kita		nyato	ta	satuya, sato, saato
	plural exclusive	kami		nyamo	mi	samuya, samo, kanamo, saamo
Second	singular	ika	ka	mo		saimo, simo,kanimo
	plural	kamo		nindo		saindo, kaninyo, sainyo
Third	singular	siya, iya		niya		saiya, kaniya
	plural	sinda		ninda		sainda, kanila

Cebuano

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ka‧mo
• IPA^(key): /kaˈmo/ [kɐˈmo]

Pronoun

kamo

1. (in the plural) you
2. (honorific singular) you

Chavacano

Etymology

Borrowed from Cebuano kamo.

Pronoun

kamó

1. (in the plural) you

   Synonyms: ustedes, vosotros

Hanunoo

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *k-amu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkamu/ [ˈkɐ.mo]
• Rhymes: -amu
• Syllabification: ka‧mo

Pronoun

kamo (Hanunoo spelling ᜣᜫᜳ)

1. you (plural)

See also

Hanunoo personal pronouns

Person	Number	Direct	Indirect	Oblique
First	singular	ako	niko	kangko, kang
	plural inclusive	kita	nita	kanta
	plural exclusive	kami	nimi	kanmi
Second	singular	kawo, ka	nimo	kanmo
	plural	kamo	niyo	kanyo
Third	singular	siya	niya	kanya
	plural	sida	nida	kanda

Further reading

• Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 138
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*amu”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamo

1. you (plural)

See also

Hiligaynon personal pronouns

		absolute (ang/si)		ergative (sa/ni)		ergative (preposed)	oblique (sa)
		full	short	full	short	full
first	singular	ako	ko*	nakon	ko	akon	sa akon
	plural inclusive	kita		naton	ta	aton	sa aton
	plural exclusive	kami		namon		amon	sa amon
second	singular	ikaw	ka	nimo	mo	imo	sa imo
	plural	kamo		ninyo		inyo	sa inyo
third	singular	siya		niya		iya	sa iya
	plural	sila		nila		ila	sa ila

Inonhan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamo

1. (in the plural) you

Japanese

Romanization

kamo

1. Rōmaji transcription of かも
2. Rōmaji transcription of カモ

Maori

Noun

kamo

1. eyelash

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• kam

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈkamo/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈkamo/

Adverb

kamo

1. (interrogative, relative) whither

Coordinate terms

Type	kto	jen	jiný	onen	sen	ten	veš
Time	k(eh)dy	jedy	jindy	on(eh)dy	—	t(eh)dy	v(e)šdy
Place (through)	kudy	—	jinudy	onudy	sudy	tudy	všudy
Place (to)	kam(o)	jam(o)	jinam(o)	onam(o)	sěm(o)	tam(o)	všam(o)
Place (in)	kde	—	jinde	onde	sde	tu	všude
Way	kak(o)	jak(o)	jinak(o)	onak(o)	sic(e)	tak(o)	však(o)
Amount	kolik(o)	jelik(o)	—	—	—	tolik(o)	—

Descendants

• Czech: kam

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kamo”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /kamɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /kamɔ/

Pronoun

kamo

1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) where (to which place)
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[1], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 138, 6:

     Kamo poydø... a kamo od oblycza twego vczekø (quo ibo... et quo a facie tua fugiam)?

     [Kamo pojdę... a kamo od oblicza twego uciekę (quo ibo... et quo a facie tua fugiam)?]

   • 1897 [1394], Teki Adolfa Pawińskiego‎^[2], volume III, number 3470, Łęczyca Land:

     Tego na Sbroslawa szalugø, gdzesz mi mego czloueka gøl..., potem gi wodl do mego kmecza i tamo gy pøthal a w them ne wem, kamo gi dzal

     [Tego na Zbrosława żałuję, gdzież mi mego człowieka jął..., potem ji wiodł do mego kmiecia i tamo ji pętał a w tem nie wiem, kamo ji dział]

2. (attested in Greater Poland) where (in which place)
   • 1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski‎^[3], Greater Poland, pages 22, 1:

     Gospodzyn mye oprawya, a nycz mnye vbędze, na myeszcze pastwy, kamo mye postawyl (in loco pascuae, ibi me collocavit)

     [Gospodzin mię oprawia, a nic mnie ubędzie, na mieście pastwy, kamo mię postawił (in loco pascuae, ibi me collocavit)]

Further reading

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “kamo”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Ratagnon

Pronoun

kamó

1. (in the plural) you

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâmo/
• Hyphenation: ka‧mo

Adverb

kȁmo (Cyrillic spelling ка̏мо)

1. where (to), in which direction, whither

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Univerbation of 'ka mo, with 'ka from wika.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkamo/ [ˈkaː.mo]
• Rhymes: -amo
• Syllabification: ka‧mo

Particle

kamo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜓ)

1. Alternative form of 'ka mo

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /kaˈmo/ [kɐˈmo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: ka‧mo

Pronoun

kamó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜓ) (now dialectal, Marinduque)

1. you (plural)

   Synonym: kayo

See also

Tagalog personal pronouns

Person	Number	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)
First	singular	ako	ko	akin
	dual1	kita, kata	nita, nata, ta	kanita, kanata, ata
	plural inclusive	tayo	natin	atin
	plural exclusive	kami	namin	amin
First & Second	singular	kita2
Second	singular	ikaw, ka	mo	iyo
	plural	kayo, kamo	ninyo, niyo	inyo
Third	singular	siya	niya	kaniya
	plural	sila	nila	kanila
1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog. 2 Replaces ko ikaw.

Anagrams

• akom

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *kamo, variant of *kama or *kamʷa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kamo/

Noun

kamo

1. taro

   Synonym: kabiri

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 370

Waray-Waray

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu

Pronoun

kamó

1. (in the plural) you
2. (honorific singular) you

Wauja

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.mɨ/

Noun

kamo

1. sun

   Kamo inyatapai.

   [The] sun is hot.

   Kamo iya paponaku.

   [The] sun sets. (Lit., the sun enters [his] house.)

   Kamo putukapai paponanakutsa.

   [The] sun rises. (Lit., the sun emerges from [his] house.)

   Kamo tapokeheneingeu.

   [It] is twilight. (Lit., the sun disappears, is extinguished.)

   Kamo yumekepei.

   [The] sun is in eclipse. (Lit., the sun is menstruating.)

2. time (of day)

   Kanai itsapai kamo?

   Q: What time is it? (Lit., Where [in the sky] is the sun?)

   Kamotojojokapai aitsu.

   A: We are at noon. (Lit., [The] sun is exactly straight [above] us.)

3. wristwatch, clock, timepiece

   Okanutapiyaitsapai okamoja.

   On [his/her/its] wrist was [his/her/its] watch.

Usage notes

• When referring to the sun, kamo is obligatorily unpossessed. When referring to a wristwatch or clock, it can show possession.
• Kamo is the heavenly body seen in the sky, and also a culture hero of ancient times, when the world was new. Kamo in Wauja stories is always a male figure, even though during a solar eclipse the sun is said to menstruate.

Inflection

    Possession of kamo

	singular	plural
first person	nukamoja	akamoja
second person	pixamoja	yixamoja
third person	okamoja	okamojapa

Derived terms

• kamokawa (year)
• kamomawa (day, daytime, during the day)

See also

• kejo (moon)
• kalunti (star, stars)
• enunaku (sky)
• iyepe (cloud, clouds)

References

• Acácio Tadeu de Camargo Piedade, "From Musical Poetics to Deep Language: The Ritual of the Wauja Sacred Flutes" (In Burst of Breath: Indigenous Ritual Wind Instruments in Lowland South America, 2011, →ISBN, p. 243
• Languages of the Amazon (2012, →ISBN, page 170

West Albay Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronoun

kamo

1. (in the plural) you

Yami

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu.

Pronoun

kamo

1. (in the plural) you