sen

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sen"

Languages (49)

English

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Abenaki • Basque • Crimean Tatar • Czech • Danish • Esperanto • Fala • Finnish • Franco-Provençal • Friulian • Galician • Ido • Indonesian • Ingrian • Italian • Japanese • Jingpho • Kabuverdianu • Karaim • Lashi • Latvian • Louisiana Creole • Malay • Mandarin • Nga La • North Frisian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Czech • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Occitan • Old Prussian • Old Swedish • Polish • Romani • Romanian • Romansch • Slovak • Spanish • Swedish • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Turkmen • Uyghur • Vietnamese • Welsh

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Page categories

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From a syncopation of Middle English selven, selfen, variants of selfe, self. More at self.

Noun

sen

1. (Yorkshire, East Midlands) Self.

   "Hear all, see all, say nowt. Eyt all, sup all, pay nowt. An if ivver tha does owt fer nowt, mek sure tha does it fer thi sen."

Derived terms

• mi sen, mysen
• thee sen, thysen
• yoursen, yersen

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 銭(せん) (sen).

Noun

sen (plural sens or sen)

1. A unit of Japanese currency, worth one hundredth of a yen.
2. A coin of this value.
   • 2013, Charles F. C. Ladd, Jr., Around the World at Seventeen, page 70:

     Before leaving the Kyndam I had bought in exchange what I thought to be enough yens and sens to see me through.

Etymology 3

From Indonesian sen, from Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”). See further etymology at cent.

Noun

sen (plural sens or sen)

1. A unit of Indonesian currency, worth one hundredth of a rupiah.

Etymology 4

From Malay sen, from English cent. See further etymology at cent.

Noun

sen (plural sens or sen)

1. A unit of Malaysian currency, worth one hundredth of a ringgit.
2. A coin of this value.

Etymology 5

From Thai เส้น (sên).

Noun

sen (uncountable)

1. A unit of length equal 20 wa, 40 meters.

Anagrams

• ENS, ESN, Ens., NES, SNe, ens

Abenaki

Noun

sen (inanimate, plural senal)

1. stone, rock

   senika

   there are a lot of rocks

Basque

Noun

sen ?

1. mind

See also

• adimen
• buru
• gogo

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”), compare Turkish sen (“you”).

Pronoun

sen

1. you

Declension

Declension of Crimean Tatar personal pronouns

	singular				plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	men	sen	o		biz	siz	olar
accusative	meni	seni	onı		bizni	sizni	olarnı
dative	maña	saña	oña		bizge	sizge	olarǧa
locative	mende	sende	onda		bizde	sizde	olarda
ablative	menden	senden	ondan		bizden	sizden	olardan
genitive	menim	seniñ	onıñ		bizim	siziñ	olarnıñ

References

• “sen”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɛn]
• Hyphenation: sen
• Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech sen, from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súpnas, from Proto-Indo-European *supnós.

Noun

sen m inan

1. dream

   Měl jsem o tobě sen. ― I had a dream about you.

   To by mě ani ve snu nenapadlo. ― I wouldn't even dream of that.

   Bylo to jako ze sna. ― It was totally out of a dream.

   Polovinu času tráví ve snách. ― He lives in a dream half the time.

Declension

Declension of sen (hard masculine inanimate reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	sen	sny
genitive	snu, sna	snů
dative	snu	snům
accusative	sen	sny
vocative	sne	sny
locative	snu	snech, snách
instrumental	snem	sny

The form sna is usually only used after the preposition ze (ze sna) and the form snách is usually only used after the preposition ve (ve snách).

Related terms

• bezesný
• snít
• snový

 

See also

• vidina f

Further reading

• “sen”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “sen”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “sen”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sen

1. genitive plural of seno (“hay”)

Anagrams

• nes

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse seinn (“late”), from Proto-Germanic *sainaz, *sainijaz, cognate with Old English sǣne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈseˀn]

Adjective

sen (neuter sent, plural and definite singular attributive sene)

1. late (proximate in time)
2. belated, tardy
3. slow

Inflection

Inflection of sen

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	sen	senere	senest2
indefinite neuter singular	sent	senere	senest2
plural	sene	senere	senest2
definite attributive1	sene	senere	seneste

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin sine. Compare Spanish sin, Italian senza, Portuguese sem and Galician sen.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [sen]
• Hyphenation: sen

Preposition

sen

1. without

Derived terms

• sen- (“without, -less”)

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sem, itself probably from Old Occitan sen (“judgement”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsen/
• Rhymes: -en
• Syllabification: sen

Noun

sen f (plural senis)

1. (anatomy) temple

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsen/, [ˈs̠e̞n]
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation^(key): sen

Pronoun

sen

1. genitive/accusative singular of se

   Elokuva oli muuten hyvä, mutta sen loppu oli hämäävä.

   The film was otherwise good, but its ending was confusing.

   Voisitko tehdä sen?

   Could you do it, please?

   Mitä enemmän, sen parempi.

   The more the better.

   Sen parempaa ei olekaan.

   There is nothing better than it.

Further reading

• “sen”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-12-01

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin sine.

Pronoun

sen (ORB, broad)

1. without

References

• sans in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• sen in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Friulian

Etymology 1

From Latin sinus.

Noun

sen m (plural sens)

1. (anatomy) bosom, breast

See also

• pet

Etymology 2

Noun

sen f

1. want, need, desire

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese sen, from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsiŋ/ [ˈs̺iŋ]
• Rhymes: -iŋ

Preposition

sen

1. without

   Antonym: en

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese sem; either from a substrate language, or more likely from Old Occitan sen (“judgement”) and ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sinn (“sense, mind”) (cf. Vulgar Latin *sennus).

Alternative forms

• ce, cen, ene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛŋ/ [ˈs̺ɛŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɛŋ

Noun

sen m (plural sens)

1. (archaic) judgement
2. (anatomy) temple

   Synonyms: tempa, vidalla

Etymology 3

Unknown.

Alternative forms

• asén

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛŋ/ [ˈs̺ɛŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɛŋ

Noun

sen m (plural sens)

1. (usually in the plural) fly maggots and eggs deposited in meat or food

   Synonyms: careixa, sese, vareixa

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “sem”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “sem”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sen”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sen”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “sen”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto sen, French sans, Italian senza, Spanish sin, ultimately from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/

Preposition

sen

1. without (not having)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɛn]
• Hyphenation: sèn

Etymology 1

From Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Noun

sèn

1. cent

   Dengan redenominasi, Bank Indonesia membangkitkan kembali penggunaan uang sen di tengah masyarakat.

   With the redenomination, Bank Indonesia revives the usage of cents amongst the general population.

Derived terms

• sen-senan
• senan

 

Descendants

• → Min Nan: 占, 仙.

Etymology 2

Noun

sèn

1. Nonstandard form of sein.

Further reading

• “sen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *se-. Compare Finnish mitä ... sen.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/, [ˈs̠e̞n]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/, [ˈʃe̞n]
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Adverb

sen

1. (+ min) Establishes a correlation between multiple comparatives in a sentence; ..., the ...

   Min enemmän siä sööt, sen suuremp siä oot. ― The more you eat, the bigger you are.

   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     Min alemmaal ono päivyt maan päält, sen pitemp on kupahain, a min hää ono ylempään, sen lyhemp ono kupahain.

     The lower the sun is along the earth, the longer is the shadow, and the higher it is, the shorter is the shadow.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/, [ˈs̠e̞n]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsen/, [ˈʃe̞n]
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Pronoun

sen

1. accusative singular of se
2. (nonstandard) genitive singular of se

Determiner

sen

1. accusative singular of se
2. (nonstandard) genitive singular of se

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514

Italian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Contraction

sen

1. (literary, archaic) Contraction of se ne.

Usage notes

• This contraction can be used only before verbs beginning with any consonant except for an impure s.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: sen

Contraction

sen

1. Contraction of seno.

Japanese

Romanization

sen

1. Rōmaji transcription of せん

Jingpho

Etymology

Borrowed from Burmese သိန်း (sin:).

Noun

sen

1. hundred thousand

References

• Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research‎^[5], volume 35, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 91–128

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese cem.

Numeral

sen

1. hundred (100)

Karaim

Alternative forms

• sien

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen.

Pronoun

sen

1. you, thou

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “sen”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Lashi

Etymology

Borrowed from a Southeastern Asian language. Compare Burmese သိန်း (sin:) and Thai แสน (sɛ̌ɛn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/

Numeral

sen

1. hundred thousand (100,000)

Usage notes

• When used as a quantifier, sen should be preceded by da (“one”).

References

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[6], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latvian

Adverb

sen

1. long ago, for a long time; adverbial form of sens

   tas noticis sen ― it happened long ago

   viņš jau sen dzīvo Rīgā ― he has lived in Riga for a long time

Louisiana Creole

Louisiana Creole cardinal numbers

<  99	100	101  >
Cardinal : sen

Etymology

Inherited from French cent (“hundred”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑ̃/
• Rhymes: -ɑ̃

Numeral

sen

1. hundred

Malay

Alternative forms

• سين

Etymology

From English cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/
• Hyphenation: sèn

Noun

sen (Jawi spelling سين, plural sen-sen, informal 1st possessive senku, 2nd possessive senmu, 3rd possessive sennya)

1. cent

Further reading

• “sen” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mandarin

Romanization

sen

1. Nonstandard spelling of sēn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of sěn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Nga La

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shan, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(y)a-n ~ tsa-n.

Adjective

sen

1. red

References

• Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

North Frisian

Verb

sen

1. inflection of wiis:
   1. first/third-person singular present
   2. plural present

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• sein

Etymology

From Old Norse seinn.

Adjective

sen (neuter singular sent, definite singular and plural sene, comparative senere, indefinite superlative senest, definite superlative seneste)

1. late

Derived terms

• sensommer

References

• “sen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “sen” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• ens, nes

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sin, sina, from Proto-Germanic *senawō, from Proto-Indo-European *snḗh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”).

Alternative forms

• sene

Noun

sen f (definite singular sena, indefinite plural sener, definite plural senene)

1. sinew, tendon

Etymology 2

From Japanese 銭.

Noun

sen m (plural senen)

1. a Japanese sen

References

• “sen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ens, nes

Old Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈsɛn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈsɛn/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ.

Noun

sen m inan

1. dream

Declension

Declension of sen (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sen	sny	sni, snové
genitive	sna, snu	snú	snóv
dative	snu	snoma	snóm
accusative	sen	sny	sny
vocative	sne	sny	sni, snové
locative	sně, snu	snú	sniech
instrumental	snem	snoma	sny

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: sen

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sь.

Pronoun

sen

1. (archaic) this (nearby)

   Synonym: ten

   sen svět ― this world

Usage notes

• This word was already archaic as some of its forms aren't attested.

Declension

Declension of sen (irregular)

singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sen	sie	se
genitive	seho	sie	seho
dative	semu	sí, siej	semu
accusative	seho, sen	śú	se
locative	sem	sí, siej	sem
instrumental	sím	śú	sím
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	—	—
genitive	—
dative	sima
accusative	—	—
locative	—
instrumental	sima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	si	—	—
genitive	sich
dative	sim
accusative	—		—
locative	sich
instrumental	simi

Derived terms

• dnes
• jutros
• letos
• nocśú
• senž
• snoci
• večeros

 

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “sen”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old French

Noun

sen oblique singular, m (oblique plural sens, nominative singular sens, nominative plural sen)

1. Alternative form of sens

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin sine (“without”).

Preposition

sen

1. without

Derived terms

• sen al
• sen contenda
• sen conto
• sen engano
• sen esto
• sen falha
• sen grado
• sen grado
• sen guisa
• sen guisa
• sen mentira
• sen mesura
• sen par
• sen prazer
• sen todo mentir
• sen ventura

 

Descendants

• Fala: sin
• Galician: sen
• Portuguese: sem

References

• Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “sen”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *senos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sénos.

Adjective

sen (comparative siniu, superlative sinem)

1. old
2. ancient
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 9^a22 (Wikisource link)

     Cía for·comam-ni ríagoil sen-Gréc hi scríbunt in dá caractar isnaib ɔsonaib ucut, ro·cruthaigsemmar camaiph immurgu óen charactar – ·f· tar hési ·p· co tinfeth – i n‑epertaib Latinṅdaib.

     Although we preserve the rule of the ancient Greeks in writing the two charac­ters in those conso­nants, we have, however, formed one character – f instead of p with lenition – in Latin words.

Usage notes

When used attributively, sen may precede the noun it modifies, in which case it is uninflected and triggers lenition on the noun.

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sen	sen	sen
Vocative	sin* sen**
Accusative	sen	sin
Genitive	sin	sine	sin
Dative	siun	sin	siun
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	sin	sena
Vocative	senu sena†
Accusative	senu sena†
Genitive	sen
Dative	senaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Descendants

• Middle Irish: sen
  • Irish: sean
  • Manx: shenn
  • Scottish Gaelic: sean

Mutation

Mutation of sen

radical	lenition	nasalization
sen	ṡen	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sennus, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *sinn.

Noun

sen m (oblique plural sens, nominative singular sens, nominative plural sen)

1. direction; orientation
2. sense; ability to reason

Descendants

• Occitan: sen

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “sinnō-”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 71

Old Prussian

Alternative forms

• sēn, sen- (prefix)

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *san. Cognate to Lithuanian su, Latvian sa-, Russian с (s).

Preposition

sen

1. (with dative and accusative) with, together with
   • 1561, Martin Luther, translated by Abel Will & Paul Megott, Stas Likuts Catechismus [The Small Catechism], →OCLC, page 79, line 19:

     twais ſwints Engels baūſei ſen māim

     may your holy Angel be with me

Usage notes

In majority of attestations, when the preposition sen is used with nouns and its determinants, the determinant is in dative case and the nouns are in accusative case.

Examples:

sen stesmu wirdan (“with the word”) ⇒ sen + stesmu (dative) + wirdan (accusative);

sen wissamans grīkans (“with all sins”) ⇒ sen + wissamans (dative pl.) + grīkans (accusative pl.);

sen stesma Swintan Scrīsin (“with the Holy Cross”) ⇒ sen + stesma (dative) + Swintan (accusative) + Scrīsin (accusative).

Old Swedish

Verb

sen

1. second-person plural present subjunctive of vara

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sen. Doublet of Hypnos.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛn/

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Kuyavia) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: sen

Noun

sen m inan (related adjective senny or (rare) snowy)

1. sleep (state of reduced consciousness)

   Synonym: kima

2. dream (imaginary events seen while sleeping)

   Synonyms: mara, senne marzenie

3. (figurative) dream (hope or wish)

   Synonyms: marzenie, rojenie

Declension

Declension of sen

	singular	plural
nominative	sen	sny
genitive	snu	snów
dative	snowi	snom
accusative	sen	sny
instrumental	snem	snami
locative	śnie	snach
vocative	śnie	sny

Derived terms

adjectives

• bezsenny
• senny

 

adverbs

• przez sen

 

nouns

• amerykański sen
• fabryka snów
• łapacz snów
• mokry sen
• sen zimowy
• sennik

 

verbs

• snąć impf
• spać snem sprawiedliwego impf
• spać snem wiecznym impf
• spędzać sen z powiek impf, spędzić sen z powiek pf
• śnić impf
• znikać jak sen impf, zniknąć jak sen pf

 

phrases

• Sen mara, Bóg wiara

 

Related terms

adjectives

• śnięty

 

adverbs

• bezsennie
• sennie
• senno

 

nouns

• bezsenność
• sennictwo
• senność
• śnienie

 

verbs

• sennieć impf
• śnić na jawie impf

 

Further reading

• sen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sen in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889) “sen”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, in Wisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 3 z.4, page 747

Romani

Verb

sen

1. second-person plural or formal singular present indicative of si

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French sen.

Noun

sen m (plural seni)

1. sen (Japanese currency)

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	sen	senul		seni	senii
genitive-dative	sen	senului		seni	senilor
vocative	senule			senilor

Romansch

Alternative forms

• si (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan)
• se (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
• sü (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

sen

1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛn/

Noun

sen m inan (genitive singular sna, nominative plural sny, genitive plural snov, declension pattern of dub)

1. dream

Declension

Declension of sen

	singular	plural
nominative	sen	sny
genitive	sna	snov
dative	snu	snom
accusative	sen	sny
locative	sne	snoch, snách
instrumental	snom	snami

Derived terms

• snový
• sník, sníček

Further reading

• “sen”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Spanish

Etymology 1

Noun

sen m (plural senes)

1. senna

Etymology 2

From Japanese 銭.

Noun

sen m

1. sen (hundredth of a yen)

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of seno (“sine”).

Symbol

sen

1. (mathematics) a symbol of the trigonometric function sine

Further reading

• “sen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse seinn (“late”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːn/

Adjective

sen (comparative senare, superlative senast)

1. late

   en sen kväll

   a late evening

   Jag är redan sen till ett möte

   I’m already late for a meeting

Declension

Inflection of sen

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	sen	senare	senast
neuter singular	sent	senare	senast
plural	sena	senare	senast
masculine plural2	sene	senare	senast
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	sene	senare	senaste
all	sena	senare	senaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Antonyms

• tidig

Derived terms

• försena
• senantik
• senbarock
• sengotik
• sengrekisk
• sengustaviansk
• senlatin
• senmedeltid
• senromantik
• senromersk
• sensommar
• sentida
• senvinter
• senvår
• tack för senast

 

Etymology 2

Syncopic form of sedan, from Old Swedish siþan, from Old Norse síðan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: zen

Adverb

sen (not comparable)

1. (somewhat colloquial) Alternative form of sedan

   Först gjorde vi si, och sen gjorde vi så

   First we did like this, and then we did like that

References

• sen in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sen in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sen in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• ens, sne

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English chain.

Noun

sen

1. chain

Etymology 2

From English cent.

Noun

sen

1. cent

Descendants

• → Rotokas: sieri

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سن (sen, “thou”), from Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”). Cognate to siz (“you”) derived from the same root. Compare Old Turkic 𐰾𐰤 (sen, “you”), Karakhanid سَنْ (sen, “you”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/, [sæn]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

sen

1. you (singular, informal), thou

Usage notes

• It is one of the two words that have irregular dative case declension. (The other words are ben and biz also have irregular genitive case declension.)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	sen
Definite accusative	seni
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sen	siz
Definite accusative	seni	sizi
Dative	sana	size
Locative	sende	sizde
Ablative	senden	sizden
Genitive	senin	sizin

Related terms

• siz
• -sin

See also

Turkish personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ben	biz
2nd person	familiar	sen	siz
	polite	siz	sizler
3rd person		o	onlar

Turkmen

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”).

Pronoun

sen

1. (personal) you (singular, informal)

Declension

Declension of sen

	singular	plural
nominative	sen	siz
accusative	seni	sizi
genitive	seniň	siziň
dative	saňa	size
locative	sende	sizde
ablative	senden	sizden

See also

Turkmen personal pronouns

		Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
singular	1st person	men	meni	meniň	maňa	mende	menden
	2nd person	sen	seni	seniň	saňa	sende	senden
	3rd person	ol	ony	onuň	oňa	onda	ondan
plural	1st person	biz	bizi	biziň	bize	bizde	bizden
	2nd person	siz	sizi	siziň	size	sizde	sizden
	3rd person	olar	olary	olaryň	olara	olarda	olardan

Uyghur

Noun

sen

1. Latin (ULY) transcription of سەن (sen)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sɛn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂɛŋ˧˧] ~ [sɛŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂɛŋ˧˧] ~ [sɛŋ˧˧]

Etymology 1

From Old Chinese 蓮 (OC *k.[r]ˤe[n]) (B-S) (SV: liên).

Compare the village name Kim Liên 金蓮 (MC kim len), whose demotic name (tên Nôm) is Sen.

Noun

(classifier cây, bông, hoa) sen • (𬞮)

1. lotus

Derived terms

Derived terms

• tắm hoa sen
• vòi hoa sen
• vòi sen

 

Etymology 2

Possibly from French jeune servante (“young maidservant”). Attested since 19th century.

Noun

(classifier con) sen

1. a maidservant
   • 1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, Cơm Thầy Cơm Cô (Master's Food, Mistress's Food), Ch 4. "Cuốn Tiểu Thuyết của Con Sen Đũi (The Novella of Đũi the Maidservant)"

     Trong khi ngồi trước đèn để thuật lại câu chuyện này, tôi cũng muốn cho mơ màng để cái cuộc giãi bày tâm sự của con sen có được một chút thi vị

     While sitting before the lamp to recount this story, I also want to make it dreamy so that the maidservant's pouring her heart out shall have a little bit of poetic beauty.

   Synonym: Ô-sin; người giúp việc; người ở

Etymology 3

From Etymology 2, with owners of cats and dogs perceived humorously as servants to their pets.

Noun

(classifier con) sen

1. (slang, humorous) Owner of cat or dog.

Welsh

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɛn

Verb

sen (not mutable)

1. Contraction of basen.