cen

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cen"

Albanian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

cen m

1. physical defect, blemish
2. flaw, vice, bad habit

Declension

Declension of cen

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	cen	ceni	cene	cenet
accusative		cenin
dative	ceni	cenit	ceneve	ceneve
ablative			cenesh

Related terms

• cenoj
• cenim
• cenos

Further reading

• “cen”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1] (in Albanian), 1980
• “cen”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• Newmark, L. (1999) “cen”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎^[2]

Galician

Galician numbers ^(edit)

		1,000
←  90	←  99	100	200  → [a], [b]	1,000  →
		10
Cardinal (standard): (alone or followed by a noun or higher numeral) cen     Cardinal (reintegrationist): (alone or followed by a noun or higher numeral) cem     Cardinal: (followed by a lower numeral) cento     Ordinal: centésimo     Ordinal abbreviation: 100º     Fractional: centésimo

Alternative forms

• cento (combining form only)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese cen, from cento, from Latin centum, from Proto-Italic *kentom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈθeŋ/ [ˈθeŋ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /ˈθeŋ/ [ˈθeŋ]
• IPA^(key): (seseo) /ˈseŋ/ [ˈseŋ]

• Rhymes: -eŋ
• Hyphenation: cen

Numeral

cen (indeclinable)

1. one hundred; 100

Usage notes

The indeclinable form cen means "one hundred" only. To say "one hundred one", the combining form cento is used, as cento un or cento unha. Likewise, "one hundred thirty" is cento trinta, and "one hundred fifty-four" is cento cincuenta e catro.

See also

• douscentos (“two hundred”)
• trescentos (“three hundred”)
• quiñentos (“five hundred”)
• setecentos (“seven hundred”)

Further reading

• “cen”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Mandarin

Romanization

cen

1. Nonstandard spelling of cēn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of cén.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Old English

Alternative forms

• *ᚳᛖᚾ (*cen)

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kiʀn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃeːn/

Noun

ċēn m

1. (poetic) torch
2. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚳ (k or tʃ)
   • The Old English rune poem

     ᚳ byþ cwicera ġehwām, cūþ on fȳre...

     Torch is by the living seen ablaze...

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ċēn	ċēnas
accusative	ċēn	ċēnas
genitive	ċēnes	ċēna
dative	ċēne	ċēnum

Synonyms

• (torch): þæċele
• fæcele

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“this, here”); compare Breton ken (“otherwise”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʲen/

Preposition

cen (governs the accusative; triggers lenition)

1. except
2. without
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20^d4

     Cía ru·bé cen ní diib, ní·rubai cenaib huli.

     Though he might be without some of them, he could not be without all of them.

3. not to (followed by a verbal noun)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9^c20

     cid atob·aich cen dílgud cech ancridi do·gnethe frib, et ní bethe fria acre

     what impels you pl not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you, and that you should not be about to sue [because of] it?

Inflection

Inflection of cen

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.
2d person sing.		cenutsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative	cen(a)e
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative
1st person pl.
2d person pl.		cenuibsi
3d person pl., dative
3d person pl., accusative	cenaib

Derived terms

• cen ḟis do
• cene

 

Descendants

• Irish: gan
• Manx: gyn
• Scottish Gaelic: gun

Mutation

Mutation of cen

radical	lenition	nasalization
cen	chen	cen pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 434, 827, pages 273, 501; reprinted 2017

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: cen

Noun

cen f

1. genitive plural of cena

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English change.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃen/

Noun

cen (nominative plural cens)

1. change, transition, turn

Declension

declension of cen

	singular	plural
nominative	cen	cens
genitive	cena	cenas
dative	cene	cenes
accusative	ceni	cenis
vocative 1	o cen!	o cens!
predicative 2	cenu	cenus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• yelacen (“turn of the year”)

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kennos (“skin”) (compare Cornish kenn (“film, skin (on liquid); peel”), Breton kenn (“scurf, dandruff”), Old Irish cenn (“covering”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sken- (“to split off”) (compare German schinden (“to strip, peel; skin”)); further to Cornish skans (“fish scales”), Breton skant (“fish scales”), Irish scain (“to tear, burst”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɛn/

Noun

cen m (plural cennau)

1. (dermatology) scurf, dandruff

   Synonyms: marwdon, sgrwff

2. (biology) scale (on fish, bud)

   Synonym: cennyn

3. (chemistry) scale, scurf, fur (in pipe, boiler, furnace, kettle)

   Synonym: calch

4. (mycology) lichen

   Synonym: cramen y cerrig

Derived terms

• cen blaguro (“bud scale”)
• cen bract (“bract scales”)
• cen pen (“dandruff”)
• cen y cerrig (“(rock) lichen”)
• cen y coed (“(tree) lichen”)
• cenfesureg (“lichenometry”)
• cenfetreg (“lichenometry”)
• dyddio cen (“lichenometry”)
• gweinwyfyn cen bach (“lesser case bearer”)
• gweinwyfyn cen cul (“narrow case bearer”)
• gweinwyfyn cen (“case bearer”)
• rhisglyn y cen (“Brussels lace”)

 

Mutation

Mutated forms of cen

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cen	gen	nghen	chen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.