Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/snéh₁wr̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *(s)neh₁- (“to twist threads, spin, weave”) +‎ *-wr̥ (substantifying suffix).

Noun

*snéh₁wr̥ n (oblique stem *sn̥h₁wén-)

1. sinew, tendon

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*snéh₁wr̥
genitive	*sn̥h₁wéns
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*snéh₁wr̥	—	—
vocative	*snéh₁wr̥	—	—
accusative	*snéh₁wr̥	—	—
genitive	*sn̥h₁wéns	—	—
ablative	*sn̥h₁wéns	—	—
dative	*sn̥h₁wéney	—	—
locative	*sn̥h₁wén, *sn̥h₁wéni	—	—
instrumental	*sn̥h₁wénh₁	—	—

Descendants

• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: [script needed] (išḫunawar, “sinew, string”)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: նեարդ (neard)
    • Armenian: նյարդ (nyard)
• Proto-Germanic: *senawō (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: νεῦρον (neûron) (< *sneh₁wr-o-)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *snáHwr̥
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *snáHwr̥
    • Sanskrit: स्नावन् (snā́van, snāván)
    • ⇒ Sanskrit: अस्नाविर (a-snāvirá)
  • Proto-Iranian: *snáHwr̥
    • Avestan: 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (snāuuar^ə)
    • Persian: سنور (sanavvar, “string, weapon”)
    • Ossetian:

      Iron: нуар (nwar)

      Digor: науӕр (nawær)

• Proto-Italic: *(s)nēuros (< *sneh₁wr-o-)
  • Latin: nervus (< *neuros by metathesis)
• Tocharian:
  • Tocharian B: ṣñor

References

• Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 568
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “neard-k‘”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 502