朋

朋	U+670B, 朋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-670B

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

朋 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月月 (BB), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿰月月)

Derived characters

倗, 𭈒, 堋, 𡞇, 𡹔, 弸, 㥊, 掤, 淜, 𨹹, 棚, 𣨥, 焩, 㻚, 𬓃, 硼, 稝, 䙀, 𭘯, 𭩀, 𮇧, 綳(绷), 𧌇, 𮘚, 𬦒, 𨂃, 輣(𰺏), 錋, 𬭖, 𣎠, 𩋒, 𱃅, 𱃫, 𦎿, 𩸀, 𪂙, 𡕑
𠜳, 𠡮, 𢽩, 𣂤, 㽰, 鵬(鹏), 奟, 𫳕, 崩, 萠, 𰁝, 𰜆, 𭑚, 𥦜, 𫷚, 𬕔, 𬙶, 䨜, 鬅, 𦣓, 𢉁, 痭, 𰿱, 𰉼, 𤊏, 𰤜, 𥂀, 𮥾, 𣎡, 𭩇, 朤, 𭩍
𭊏, 𪼔, 𨝙, 𠞳, 𬽚, 𤑌, 𡎾, 𨲰, 𨼖, 𤅘, 𦇽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 504, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14340
Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2050, character 6
Unihan data for U+670B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		朋

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朋
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (朋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
崩	*pɯːŋ
堋	pɯːŋs, pʰɯːŋ, *bɯːŋ
漰	*pʰɯːŋ
倗	pʰɯːŋʔ, bɯːŋ, *bɯːŋs
朋	*bɯːŋ
鵬	*bɯːŋ
棚	bɯːŋ, brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ
鬅	*bɯːŋ
掤	*pɯŋ
淜	*bɯŋ
輣	brɯːŋ, brɯːŋ
繃	prɯːŋ, prɯːŋ
弸	pʰrɯːŋ, brɯːŋ

Pictogram (象形) .

The oracle bone script form consisted of two strings of five cowries. Some forms of the oracle bone script contained an additional 人 which later evolved into 勹 (OC *pruː), which served as a phonetic component. The glyph was eventually corrupted to a duplication of 月 (“moon”).

Shuowen erroneously suggests 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ) was the ancient form of 鳳 (OC *bums).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): péng (peng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pong²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pang⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pang³
Gan (Wiktionary): pung²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phèn

(Meixian, Guangdong): pên²
Jin (Wiktionary): peng¹
Northern Min (KCR): bǎing
Eastern Min (BUC): bèng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pêng / pâng / pn̂g

(Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ban
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bong²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: péng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻêng²
  - Yale: péng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng
  - Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pong²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pang⁴
  - Yale: pàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: pen^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pen²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pên²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰɛn¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: peng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰəŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng
  - Tâi-lô: pîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâng
  - Tâi-lô: pâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: paang
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: pn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pngg
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pŋ̍²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ban
  - MiniDict: ban^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ban
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bã²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /pʊŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /pən¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 朋
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/pʰəŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/pʰəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/pʰəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/pʰəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/pʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/pʰə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/pʰoŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pʰoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/pʰoŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/pʰoŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/pʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/pʰəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/pʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/pʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/bã²³/
	Suzhou	/bən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/boŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/boŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/pʰan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/poŋ³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/bən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/pʰuŋ²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰen¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pʰen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pʰɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/pʰɐŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/pʰɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/piŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/paiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰeŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/foŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: bong

Rime
Character	朋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	步崩切
Baxter	bong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəŋ/
Li Rong	/bəŋ/
Wang Li	/bəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	péng
Middle Chinese	‹ bong ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁəŋ/
English	set of cowries; friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朋
Reading #	1/1
No.	9663
Phonetic component	朋
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朋
Old Chinese	/*bɯːŋ/

Definitions

朋

^† unit of shell money; various theories exist about the exact amount
- 既見君子、錫我百朋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  既见君子、锡我百朋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jì jiàn jūnzǐ, xī wǒ bǎi péng. [Pinyin]
  We see our noble lord,
  And he gives us a hundred sets of cowries.
friend
朋友 ― péngyǒu ― friend

良朋 ― liángpéng ― good friend
- 有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì yuè hū? [Pinyin]
  Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
(literary) to gang up; to band together
(literary) to be similar; to equal
碩大無朋／硕大无朋 ― shuòdàwúpéng ― exceptionally large; enormous
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 朋友 (“friend”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		友, 朋, 朋友, 友人, 友生
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		朋友, 友人
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	朋友
	Taiwan	朋友
	Chengde	朋友
	Chifeng	朋友
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	朋友
	Heihe	朋友
	Qiqihar	朋友
	Harbin	朋友, 老鐵
	Jiamusi	朋友
	Baicheng	朋友
	Changchun	朋友
	Tonghua	朋友
	Shenyang	朋友
	Jinzhou	朋友
	Singapore	朋友
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	朋友
	Tangshan	朋友
	Cangzhou	朋友
	Baoding	朋友
	Shijiazhuang	朋友
	Lijin	朋友
	Jinan	朋友
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	朋友
	Dandong	朋友
	Yantai	朋友
	Yantai (Muping)	朋友
	Qingdao	朋友
	Zhucheng	朋友, 相好的
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	朋友
	Lingbao	朋友
	Jining	朋友
	Wanrong	朋友
	Linfen	朋友
	Shangqiu	朋友
	Yuanyang	朋友
	Zhengzhou	朋友
	Xinyang	朋友
	Baihe	朋友
	Xi'an	朋友
	Baoji	朋友
	Tianshui	朋友
	Xining	朋友
	Xuzhou	朋友, 夥計
	Fuyang	朋友
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	朋友
	Lanzhou	朋友
	Dunhuang	朋友
	Hami	朋友
	Ürümqi	朋友
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	朋友
	Nanchong	朋友
	Dazhou	朋友, 耍得好
	Hanyuan	朋友, 夥計
	Xichang	朋友
	Zigong	朋友
	Chongqing	朋友
	Wuhan	朋友
	Yichang	朋友
	Xiangyang	朋友, 老把
	Tianmen	朋友, 老夥計
	Guiyang	朋友
	Zunyi	朋友
	Bijie	朋友
	Liping	朋友
	Zhaotong	朋友
	Dali	朋友
	Kunming	朋友
	Mengzi	朋友
	Guilin	朋友
	Liuzhou	朋友
	Jishou	朋友
	Changde	朋友
	Hanzhong	朋友
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	朋友
	Yangzhou	朋友
	Lianyungang	朋友
	Lianshui	朋友
	Nantong	朋友
	Anqing	朋友
	Wuhu	朋友
	Hefei	朋友
	Hong'an	朋友, 夥計
Cantonese	Guangzhou	朋友
	Hong Kong	朋友, friend, friend子
	Taishan	朋友
	Dongguan	朋友
	Singapore (Guangfu)	朋友
Gan	Nanchang	朋友
Gan	Lichuan	朋友
Hakka	Meixian	朋友
	Yudu	朋友
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	朋友
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	朋友
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	朋友
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	朋友
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	朋友
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	朋友
Huizhou	Jixi	朋友
Huizhou	Shexian	朋友
Jin	Taiyuan	朋友
	Yangyuan	朋友, 相好的
	Datong	朋友
	Xinzhou	朋友, 結拜 dated
	Lüliang (Lishi)	朋友, 拜識
	Changzhi	朋友, 相好的
	Linhe	朋友
	Jining	朋友
	Hohhot	朋友
	Erenhot	朋友
	Pingshan	朋友, 相好的
	Zhangjiakou	朋友
	Handan	朋友
	Linzhou	朋友
	Suide	朋友, 相好的
Northern Min	Jian'ou	朋友, 朋友伙
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	朋友
Southern Min	Xiamen	朋友, 交丸 dated
	Quanzhou	朋友
	Jinjiang	朋友
	Zhangzhou	朋友
	Tainan	朋友
	Penang (Hokkien)	朋友, 交丸
	Singapore (Hokkien)	朋友, 交丸
	Manila (Hokkien)	朋友
	Singapore (Teochew)	朋友
	Haikou	朋友
	Singapore (Hainanese)	朋友
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	朋友
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	朋子
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	朋
Wu	Shanghai	朋友
	Shanghai (Chongming)	朋友
	Suzhou	朋友
	Danyang	朋友
	Hangzhou	朋友
	Ningbo	朋友, 朋友家
	Wenzhou	朋友家, 朋友
	Jinhua	朋友
Xiang	Changsha	朋友
Xiang	Xiangxiang	朋友

Compounds

References

“朋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	朋
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]	朋󠄁 朋+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	朋󠄃 朋+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

朋

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぼう (bō)
Kan-on: ほう (hō)
Kun: とも (tomo, 朋)
Nanori: とも (tomo)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朋
とも Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 朋 – see the following entry.

【とも】	[noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal [noun] member of the same category Alternative spelling 友

(This term, 朋, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Proper noun

朋(とも) • (Tomo)

a female given name

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1089 (paper), page 595 (digital)
^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 657 (paper), page 341 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朋 (MC bong). Recorded as Middle Korean 브ᇰ (pung) (Yale: pung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

朋

Wikisource

朋 (eumhun 벗 붕 (beot bung))

hanja form^? of 붕 (“friend”)

Compounds

붕우 (朋友, bung'u)
붕당 (朋黨, bungdang)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

朋: Hán Nôm readings: bằng, bẵng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1089 (paper), page 595 (digital)

[2] Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 657 (paper), page 341 (digital)

[1]

[2]