朋僚

Chinese

		friend	bureaucrat
simp. and trad. (朋僚)		朋	僚
alternative forms		朋寮

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): péngliáo

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: péngliáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: péngliáo
    • Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-liao²
    • Yale: péng-lyáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngliau
    • Palladius: пэнляо (pɛnljao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: bong lew|ljewX

Rime
Character	朋	僚	僚
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	蕭 (93)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV	III
Fanqie	步崩切	落蕭切	力小切
Baxter	bong	lew	ljewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəŋ/	/leu/	/liᴇuX/
Pan Wuyun	/bəŋ/	/leu/	/liɛuX/
Shao Rongfen	/bəŋ/	/leu/	/ljæuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəŋ/	/lɛw/	/liawX/
Li Rong	/bəŋ/	/leu/	/liɛuX/
Wang Li	/bəŋ/	/lieu/	/lĭɛuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱəŋ/	/lieu/	/li̯ɛuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péng	liáo	liǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pang4	liu4	liu5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəŋ  [r]ˤew/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ  rewʔ|reːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朋	僚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	péng	liáo
Middle Chinese	‹ bong ›	‹ lew ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁəŋ/	/*[r]ˁew/
English	set of cowries; friend	office or position
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朋	僚	僚
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	9663	8084	8095
Phonetic component	朋	尞	尞
Rime group	蒸	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	0	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	朋	繚	聊
Old Chinese	/*bɯːŋ/	/*rewʔ/	/*reːw/

Noun

朋僚

1. (literary) colleague