Appendix:Basque Swadesh list
This is a Swadesh list of words in Basque, compared with definitions in English.
Spanish loanwords have been labeled as (Sp.).
List
[edit]| No. | English | Basque euskara |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ni |
| 2 | you (singular) | hi, zu |
| 3 | he, she, it | hura, bera |
| 4 | we | gu |
| 5 | you (plural) | zuek |
| 6 | they | haiek |
| 7 | this | hau |
| 8 | that | hori, hura |
| 9 | here | hemen, hon- |
| 10 | there | hor, han |
| 11 | who | nor (interrogative) |
| 12 | what | zer (interrogative) |
| 13 | where | non (no movement, interrogative) |
| 14 | when | noiz (interrogative) |
| 15 | how | nola (interrogative) |
| 16 | not | ez |
| 17 | all | guzti, den, oro |
| 18 | many | asko |
| 19 | some | batzuk, zenbait |
| 20 | few | gutxi |
| 21 | other | beste |
| 22 | one | bat |
| 23 | two | bi |
| 24 | three | hiru |
| 25 | four | lau |
| 26 | five | bost |
| 27 | big | handi |
| 28 | long | luze |
| 29 | wide | zabal |
| 30 | thick | lodi, gizen, potolo |
| 31 | heavy | astun |
| 32 | small | txiki |
| 33 | short | labur, motz |
| 34 | narrow | estu, mehar |
| 35 | thin | argal |
| 36 | woman | emakume |
| 37 | man (adult male) | gizon |
| 38 | man (human being) | gizaki |
| 39 | child | haur, ume, sein |
| 40 | wife | emazte |
| 41 | husband | senar |
| 42 | mother | ama |
| 43 | father | aita |
| 44 | animal | abere (domestic), animalia (Sp.) |
| 45 | fish | arrain |
| 46 | bird | txori |
| 47 | dog | txakur |
| 48 | louse | zorri |
| 49 | snake | suge |
| 50 | worm | har |
| 51 | tree | zuhaitz |
| 52 | forest | oihan, baso |
| 53 | stick | makila |
| 54 | fruit | igali, fruitu (Sp.), zitu (Sp.) |
| 55 | seed | ale, hazi |
| 56 | leaf | hosto, orri |
| 57 | root | erro, sustrai |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | azal |
| 59 | flower | lili, lore (Sp.) |
| 60 | grass | belar, bedar |
| 61 | rope | soka |
| 62 | skin | larru |
| 63 | meat | haragi |
| 64 | blood | odol |
| 65 | bone | hezur |
| 66 | fat (noun) | gantz |
| 67 | egg | arrautza |
| 68 | horn | adar |
| 69 | tail | buztan |
| 70 | feather | luma |
| 71 | hair | ile |
| 72 | head | buru |
| 73 | ear | belarri |
| 74 | eye | begi |
| 75 | nose | sudur |
| 76 | mouth | aho |
| 77 | tooth | hortz, hagin |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | mihi |
| 79 | fingernail | azazkal |
| 80 | foot | oin |
| 81 | leg | hanka, zango |
| 82 | knee | belaun |
| 83 | hand | esku |
| 84 | wing | hego |
| 85 | belly | sabel |
| 86 | guts | heste, tripa (Sp.) |
| 87 | neck | lepo |
| 88 | back | bizkar |
| 89 | breast | bular |
| 90 | heart | bihotz |
| 91 | liver | gibel |
| 92 | to drink | edan |
| 93 | to eat | jan |
| 94 | to bite | kosk egin |
| 95 | to suck | xurgatu |
| 96 | to spit | txistu egin |
| 97 | to vomit | goitikatu |
| 98 | to blow | putz egin |
| 99 | to breathe | arnas egin |
| 100 | to laugh | barre egin |
| 101 | to see | ikusi |
| 102 | to hear | entzun |
| 103 | to know | jakin |
| 104 | to think | pentsatu (Sp.) |
| 105 | to smell | usaindu |
| 106 | to fear | beldur izan |
| 107 | to sleep | lo egin |
| 108 | to live | bizi izan |
| 109 | to die | hil |
| 110 | to kill | erahil |
| 111 | to fight | borrokatu |
| 112 | to hunt | ehizatu |
| 113 | to hit | jo |
| 114 | to cut | moztu |
| 115 | to split | pitzatu |
| 116 | to stab | sastatu |
| 117 | to scratch | urratu |
| 118 | to dig | aitzurtu |
| 119 | to swim | igeri egin |
| 120 | to fly | hegaz egin |
| 121 | to walk | ibili |
| 122 | to come | etorri |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | etzan (action), etzanda egon (state) |
| 124 | to sit | eseri (action), eserita egon (state) |
| 125 | to stand | zutitu (action), zutik egon (state) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | biratu |
| 127 | to fall | erori, jausi |
| 128 | to give | eman |
| 129 | to hold | eduki |
| 130 | to squeeze | estutu |
| 131 | to rub | igurtzi |
| 132 | to wash | ikuzi, garbitu, xahutu |
| 133 | to wipe | xukatu, lehortu |
| 134 | to pull | erakarri |
| 135 | to push | bultzatu |
| 136 | to throw | bota, jaurti(ki) |
| 137 | to tie | lotu |
| 138 | to sew | josi |
| 139 | to count | zenbatu, kondatu (Sp.) |
| 140 | to say | esan, erran |
| 141 | to sing | abestu |
| 142 | to play | jokatu |
| 143 | to float | igerikatu |
| 144 | to flow | isuri |
| 145 | to freeze | izoztu |
| 146 | to swell | hanpatu, puztu |
| 147 | sun | eguzki, iguzki, eki |
| 148 | moon | ilargi |
| 149 | star | izar |
| 150 | water | ur |
| 151 | rain | euri |
| 152 | river | ibai |
| 153 | lake | aintzira, zingira |
| 154 | sea | itsaso |
| 155 | salt | gatz |
| 156 | stone | harri |
| 157 | sand | hondar, hare |
| 158 | dust | hauts |
| 159 | earth | lur |
| 160 | cloud | hodei |
| 161 | fog | laino |
| 162 | sky | ortzi, zeru (Sp.) |
| 163 | wind | haize |
| 164 | snow | elur, edur |
| 165 | ice | izotz |
| 166 | smoke | ke |
| 167 | fire | su |
| 168 | ash | hauts, errauts |
| 169 | to burn | erre |
| 170 | road | bide |
| 171 | mountain | mendi |
| 172 | red | gorri |
| 173 | green | orlegi, berde (Sp.) |
| 174 | yellow | hori |
| 175 | white | zuri |
| 176 | black | beltz |
| 177 | night | gau |
| 178 | day | egun |
| 179 | year | urte |
| 180 | warm | bero |
| 181 | cold | hotz |
| 182 | full | beteta |
| 183 | new | berri |
| 184 | old | zahar |
| 185 | good | on |
| 186 | bad | txar |
| 187 | rotten | ustel |
| 188 | dirty | zikin |
| 189 | straight | zuzen |
| 190 | round | biribil |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | zorrotz |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | kamuts |
| 193 | smooth | leun |
| 194 | wet | busti, heze |
| 195 | dry | lehor |
| 196 | correct | zuzen |
| 197 | near | hurbil |
| 198 | far | urrun |
| 199 | right | eskuin |
| 200 | left | ezker |
| 201 | at | -n, -an, -ean, -etan |
| 202 | in | -n, -an, -ean, -etan |
| 203 | with | -ekin, -arekin |
| 204 | and | eta |
| 205 | if | (baldin) ba- |
| 206 | because | -elako, bait-, ... eta |
| 207 | name | izen, deitura |
- Orthography :
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, number agreement, case declensions), the orthography is the following :
- verbs : "Dictionary form" (past participle/imperative)
- other words : uninflected
See also
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Le basque unifié (initiation), Assimil, Chennevières-sur-Marne 1996, →ISBN (French)
- Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - →ISBN (French)
Further reading
[edit]- Basque dictionaries (Lexilogos) (French)
- Basque Wiktionary (Basque)