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cold

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: COLD

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English cold, from Anglian Old English cald. The West Saxon form, ċeald (“cold”), survived as early Middle English cheald, cheld, or chald.[1] Both descended from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, a participle form of *kalaną (“to be cold”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).

Cognates
Cognate with Scots cald, cauld (“cold”), Saterland Frisian koold (“cold”), West Frisian kâld (“cold”), Dutch koud (“cold”), Low German kold, koolt, koold (“cold”), German kalt (“cold”), Danish kold (“cold”), Norwegian kald (“cold”), Swedish kall (“cold”).

Adjective

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cold (comparative colder, superlative coldest)

  1. (of a thing) Having a low temperature.
    Synonyms: chilled, chilly, freezing, frigid, glacial, icy, cool; see also Thesaurus:cold
    Antonyms: baking, boiling, heated, hot, scorching, searing, torrid, warm; see also Thesaurus:hot, Thesaurus:warm
    A cold wind whistled through the trees.
  2. (of the weather) Causing the air to be cold.
    Synonyms: (UK, slang) brass monkeys, nippy, parky, taters
    Antonyms: hot; see also Thesaurus:hot
    The forecast is that it will be very cold today.
  3. (of a person or animal) Feeling the sensation of coldness, especially to the point of discomfort.
    Antonyms: hot; see also Thesaurus:hot
    She was so cold she was shivering.
  5. Unfriendly; emotionally distant or unfeeling.
    Synonyms: aloof, distant, hostile, standoffish, unfriendly, unwelcoming; see also Thesaurus:aloof
    Antonyms: amiable, friendly, welcoming
    She shot me a cold glance before turning her back.
    • 1850, T. S. Arthur, “Happy on a Little”, in Sketches of Life and Character‎[1], Philadelphia: J. W. Bradley, →OCLC, page 89:
      At the end of a week, she could bear the suspense no longer, and so went humbly to her old home and sought forgiveness. She was not repulsed, but her reception was cold; and this hurt her almost as badly.
    • 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter VII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:
      "Suppose someone pops in?" "Don't be silly. Mrs Cream is working on her book. Phyllis is in her room, typing Upjohn's speech. Wilbert's gone for a walk. Upjohn isn't here. The only character who could pop in would be the Brinkley Court ghost. If it does, give it a cold look and walk through it. That'll teach it not to come butting in where it isn't wanted, ha ha."
  6. Chilled, filled with an uncomfortable sense of fear, dread, or alarm.
    Synonym: apprehensive
  7. Dispassionate; not prejudiced or partisan; impartial.
    Synonyms: disinterested, indifferent; see also Thesaurus:impartial
    Let's look at this tomorrow with a cold head.
    He's a nice guy, but the cold facts say we should fire him.
    The cold truth is that states rarely undertake military action unless their national interests are at stake.
  8. Completely unprepared; without introduction.
    Synonyms: unprepared, unready
    Antonyms: prepared, primed, ready
    He was assigned cold calls for the first three months.
    • 2019, Kelly D. Harrison, Air Force Cop: An Autobiography, page 100:
      The one thing considered the brass ring in selling insurance was making a sale on a cold canvass. Cold canvassing was the most dreaded exercise for most insurance salesmen.
  9. Unconscious or deeply asleep; deprived of the metaphorical heat associated with life or consciousness.
    I knocked him out cold.
    After one more beer he passed out cold.
    • 2017, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Bad Dad, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:
      Before Mr Big could utter another word, Dad’s false leg crashed down through the window… …and the wooden foot bashed Mr Big hard on the head. The crime boss collapsed to the floor, out cold.
  10. (usually with "have" or "know" transitively) Perfectly, exactly, completely; by heart; down pat.
    Practice your music scales until you know them cold.
    Try both these maneuvers until you have them cold and can do them in the dark without thinking.
    Rehearse your lines until you have them down cold.
    Keep that list in front of you, or memorize it cold.
  11. (usually with "have" transitively) Cornered; done for.
    With that receipt, we have them cold for fraud.
    Criminal interrogation. Initially they will dream up explanations faster than you could ever do so, but when they become fatigued, often they will acknowledge that you have them cold.
    • 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XIX, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:
      "Either Upjohn agrees to drop that libel suit or he doesn't get these notes, as he calls them, and without them he won't be able to utter a word. He'll have to come across with the price of the papers. Won't he, Jeeves?"
      "He would appear to have no alternative, miss."
      "Unless he wants to get up on that platform and stand there opening and shutting his mouth like a goldfish. We've got him cold."
  12. (slang) Cool, impressive.
    • 2023 May 1, Paolo Songco, “Warriors star Steph Curry's cold 'night night' pic vs. Kings goes completely viral”, in ClutchPoints‎[2], archived from the original on 2023-05-30:
      There were more than a few unforgettable moments from Sunday's Game 7 showdown between the Golden State Warriors and the Sacramento Kings. Steph Curry came up with an epic performance on a record-setting evening, and he also produced one of the coldest photos of the NBA Playoffs thus far.
    • 2023 August 3, @67x4L, Twitter‎[3], archived from the original on 9 November 2023:
      Lowkey she so cold for that
    • 2023 August 6, @SUPERTHYROID, Twitter‎[4], archived from the original on 8 November 2023:
      Indians see this fit and think it's the coldest thing ever
  13. (obsolete) Not pungent or acrid.
    Synonyms: mild, neutral
    • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
      cold plants
  14. (obsolete) Unexciting; dull; uninteresting.
    Synonyms: colourless, lifeless; see also Thesaurus:boring
    • 1641, Ben Jonson, Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter‎[5]:
      What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the better part of life in!
    • 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
      The jest grows cold […] when it comes on in a second scene.
  15. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) only feebly; having lost its odour.
    a cold scent
  16. (obsolete) Not sensitive; not acute.
  17. Distant; said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed. Compare warm and hot.
    You're cold … getting warmer … hot! You've found it!
  18. (painting) Having a bluish effect; not warm in colour.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:bluish
  19. (databases) Rarely used or accessed, and thus able to be relegated to slower storage.
  20. (informal) Without compassion; heartless; ruthless.
    Synonyms: cold-eyed, frosty, icy, uncompassionate; see also Thesaurus:stern
    I can't believe she said that...that was cold!
    • 2011 April 23, The Impossible Astronaut (Doctor Who), season series 6, episode 1:
      River Song: (upon seeing the still-living Doctor, moments after he made her and two other friends watch what they thought was his death) This is cold. Even by your standards, this is cold.
    • 2015, Jocelyn Samara D., Rain, volume 3, page 237:
      "At the risk of sounding cold though, I'm glad he's gone. His abandonment left me in Aunt Fara's custody, and that's honestly the best thing he's ever done for me."
  21. (informal) Not radioactive. [from the 20thc.]
    Antonyms: hot, radioactive
    • 1953, Philip K. Dick, “Planet for Transients”, in Fantastic Universe magazine‎[6], number Oct-Nov 1953, page 64:
      "That's right," Jackson said. "The Old Man will be pleased to welcome you." There was eagerness in his reedy voice. "What do you say? We'll take care of you. Feed you, bring you cold plants and animals. For a week maybe?"
  22. (firearms) Not loaded with a round of live ammunition.
  23. Without electrical power being supplied.
    Synonym: dead
    • 1956, Philco Corporation, Handbook of Test Methods and Practices, page 3–3:
      Therefore, to avoid unnecessary delay in the trouble-shooting procedure, it is good practice to make a resistance check on a "cold" circuit (before applying power), to determine whether resistance values are normal.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Sranan Tongo: kowru
    • Aukan: koo
Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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From Middle English cold, colde, from Old English cald, ċeald (“cold, coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą (“coldness”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).

Cognates
Compare Saterland Frisian Keelde (“cold”), West Frisian kjeld (“cold”), Dutch koude (“cold”), German Low German Kolle, Koll (“cold”), German Kälte (“cold”), Danish kulde (“cold”), Swedish köld (“cold”), Norwegian kulde (“cold”), Icelandic kuldi (“cold”).

Noun

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cold (countable and uncountable, plural colds)

  1. (uncountable) A condition of low temperature.
    Come in, out of the cold.
  2. (with 'the', figurative) A harsh place; a place of abandonment.
    The former politician was left out in the cold after his friends deserted him.
  4. (countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.
    I caught a miserable cold and had to stay home for a week
  5. (uncountable, slang) Rheum; sleepy dust.
    • 1994, Notorious B.I.G., Warning‎[7]:
      Who the fuck is this, pagin' me at 5:46 in the morning? / crack of dawn and now I'm yawnin' / wipe the cold out my eye, see who's this pagin' me and why
    • 1996, Ghostface Killah, All That I Got Is You‎[8]:
      But I remember this, moms would lick her finger tips / to wipe the cold out my eye before school with her spit
Synonyms
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Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 3

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From Middle English colde, from Old English calde, ċealde (“coldly”), from the adjective (see above).

Adverb

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cold (comparative more cold, superlative most cold)

  1. At a low temperature.
    The steel was processed cold.
  2. Without preparation.
    The speaker went in cold and floundered for a topic.
    • 2008, Geddeth Smith, Walter Hampden: Dean of the American Theatre, page 104:
      Two weeks after it closed, he started rehearsals for Cheer Up, a new play by Mary Roberts Rinehart booked into the Harris Theatre. It was to open cold without any out-of-town tryout under the direction of a young Cecil B. DeMille […]
  3. (slang, informal, dated) In a cold, frank, or realistically honest manner.
    • 1986, Run-DMC, Peter Piper.:
      Now Little Bo Peep cold lost her sheep / And Rip van Winkle fell the hell asleep

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ “cold”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Anagrams

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Anglian Old English cald; variants with ch- are from West Saxon ċeald.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)

  2. (temperature) cold, cool
  3. (weather) cold, cool
  4. (locations) having a tendency to be cold
  5. cold-feeling, cold when touched, cooled, chilly
  6. lifeless, having the pallor of death
  7. cold-hearted, indifferent, insensitive
  8. distressed, sorrowful, worried
  9. (alchemy, medicine) Considered to be alchemically cold

Descendants

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References

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Noun

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cold

  1. cold, coldness
  2. The feeling of coldness or chill
  3. Lack of feelings or emotion
  4. (alchemy, medicine) Alchemical coldness

Descendants

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References

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