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frost

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Frost and fröst

English

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 frost on Wikipedia
Frost on a leaf and grass.
Close-up look at frost crystals.

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English frost, from an unmetathesized variant of Old English forst (“frost”), from Proto-Germanic *frustaz (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to freeze; frost”). Cognate with West Frisian froast (“frost”), Dutch vorst (“frost”), German Frost (“frost”), Swedish frost (“frost”), Norwegian frost (“frost”), Icelandic frost (“frost”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost, rime, snow”). Related to freeze.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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frost (countable and uncountable, plural frosts)

  1. A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.
  2. The cold weather that causes these ice crystals to form.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:40:
      Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.
    • 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 47:
      It is more probable, in almost every country of Europe, that there will be frost sometime in January, than that the weather will continue open throughout that whole month;
  3. (figurative) Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.
  4. (obsolete) The act of freezing; the congelation of water or other liquid.
  5. A shade of white, like that of frost.
    frost:  
  6. (slang, dated) A disappointment; a cheat.
  7. (television) A kind of light diffuser.
    • 2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, pages 9–26:
      Frosts and diffusion are flame retardant and produce similar results except that some of the frosts are very subtle in their effects. For example: Hamburg Frost will soften the beam edge with little additional spread of the beam.

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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frost (third-person singular simple present frosts, present participle frosting, simple past and past participle frosted)

  1. (transitive) To cover with frost.
  2. (intransitive) To become covered with frost.
    • 1975, Brian W. Blouet, Merlin P. Lawson, editors, Images of the Plains: The Role of Human Nature in Settlement, University of Nebraska Press, page 142:
      “The weather is pleasant while it frosted a little at night.”
  3. (transitive) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost.
  4. (transitive, informal) To anger or annoy.
    I think the boss's decision frosted him a bit.
  5. (transitive) To sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) to prevent it from slipping on ice.
  6. (transitive) To bleach individual strands of hair while leaving adjacent strands untouched.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Anagrams

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Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse frost.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /frɔst/, [fʁ̥ʌsd̥]

Noun

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frost c (singular definite frosten, not used in plural form)

  1. frost

Declension

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Declension of frost
common
gender 		Singular
indefinite definite
nominative frost frosten
genitive frosts frostens

References

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse frost.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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frost n (genitive singular frosts, nominative plural frost)

  1. frost

Declension

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Declension of frost (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative frost frostið frost frostin
accusative frost frostið frost frostin
dative frosti frostinu frostum frostunum
genitive frosts frostsins frosta frostanna

See also

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą; akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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frost (plural frostes)

  1. Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost.
  2. Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets.
  3. Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature.
  4. (rare, figurative) Something with a chilling effect.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • English: frost
  • Scots: frost
  • Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast

References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

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From Old Norse frost n.

Noun

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frost m (definite singular frosten)

  1. frost

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Old Norse frost n.

Noun

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frost m (definite singular frosten)

  1. frost

Derived terms

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References

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Old English

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Noun

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frost m

  1. Alternative form of forst, produced by metathesis

Old High German

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old Norse frost.

Noun

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frost m

  1. frost

Declension

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Declension of frost (masculine a-stem)
case singular plural
nominative frost frosta
accusative frost frosta
genitive frostes frosto
dative froste frostum
instrumental frostu —

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old High German frost.

Noun

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frost n

  1. frost

Descendants

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References

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  • “frost”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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frost c

  1. frost

Declension

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Declension of frost
nominative genitive
singular indefinite frost frosts
definite frosten frostens
plural indefinite — —
definite — —

Anagrams

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