Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frustaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *prustós (“frost”), synchronically analyzable as a nominal formation from *freusaną (“to freeze”). Cognate with Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸrus.tɑz/

Noun

*frustaz m

1. cold; frost; freezing weather
2. (possibly) frost; rime (minute ice crystals)

   Synonyms: *hrīmaz, *hrīpô

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *frustaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*frustaz	*frustōz, *frustōs
vocative	*frust	*frustōz, *frustōs
accusative	*frustą	*frustanz
genitive	*frustas, *frustis	*frustǫ̂
dative	*frustai	*frustamaz
instrumental	*frustō	*frustamiz

Derived terms

• *frustāną

Related terms

• *freusaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *frost
  • Old English: forst, frost
    • Middle English: frost, forst, froste, vrost, frosst, freost
      • English: frost
      • Scots: frost
      • Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast
  • Old Frisian: frost, forst
    • Saterland Frisian: Froast, Fröäst (Skäddel)
    • West Frisian: froast
  • Old Saxon: frost
    • Middle Low German: vrost
      • German Low German: Fröst
  • Old Dutch: *frost, forst
    • Middle Dutch: vorst
      • Dutch: vorst
      • Limburgish: vrós
  • Old High German: frost
    • Middle High German: vrost
      • Cimbrian: vròst, bròst, vrost
      • German: Frost
      • Luxembourgish: Frascht
      • Vilamovian: fröst
• Old Norse: frost
  • Icelandic: frost
  • Faroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)
  • Norwegian: frost
  • Old Swedish: frost
    • Swedish: frost
  • Danish: frost