kalt

Central Franconian

Etymology

From Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt, chalt. The variation between the stems kalt and kaal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalt/

Adjective

kalt (masculine kaale, feminine kaal, comparative kaaler or kääler or kälder, superlative et kaalste or käälste or kältste)

1. (most dialects) cold

   Loß’ mer heem john, ich hann kaal Föß.

   Let’s go home, my feet are cold.

Usage notes

• The commoner comparation forms were originally kaaler, et kaalste. Today, those with umlaut are preferred due to influence of German kälter, am kältesten.

Inflection

Inflection example for kalt (Kölsch and central Ripuarian)

		masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
positive
predicative / adverbial		kalt
common case	strong	kaale	kalt	kaal
	weak		kaal
	partitive	kaales		—
dative case	initial	kaalem		kaaler	kaale
	non-initial	kaale
comparative
predicative / adverbial		kääler
common case	strong	käälere	kääler
	weak
	partitive	kääleres		—
dative case	initial	käälerem		käälerer	käälere
	non-initial	käälere
superlative
predicative / adverbial		et käälste
common case	strong	käälste
	weak
dative case	initial	käälstem		käälster	käälste
	non-initial	käälste
Strong (indefinite) and weak (definite) forms are distinguished in the neuter common case. The partitive form follows certain indefinite pronouns like jet (“something”). In the singular dative, there is a simpler distinction between “initial” and “non-initial” position, depending on whether the adjective is the first declined word of the noun phrase or not.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• khalt (Luserna, Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German kalt, from Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz. Cognate with German kalt, English cold.

Adjective

kalt

1. (Tredici Comuni) cold

Further reading

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑlt

Verb

kalt

1. inflection of kallen:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. (archaic) plural imperative

Anagrams

• talk

Faroese

Adjective

kalt

1. neuter nominative/accusative of kaldur

German

1. kalt

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald.

Cognates

Cognate to Low German kold, koolt, Dutch koud, English cold, Danish kold, Swedish kall.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

kalt (strong nominative masculine singular kalter, comparative kälter, superlative am kältesten)

1. cold, chilly; the physical perception of something (objects, weather, body etc.) to have a low temperature
2. calm, restrained, passionless
3. cold, frigid (especially when referring to emotions)
4. (housing) at cost (without utilities, such as heating, included)

Usage notes

• German kalt means “cold”, but not “feeling cold”; therefore the sentence ich bin kalt (literally “I am cold”) would mean that one’s body has a low temperature, particularly that one’s skin is cold on the outside. The English “I am cold” (that is: I feel cold) is equivalent to German mir ist kalt (literally “there is cold to me”).

Declension

Positive forms of kalt

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist kalt	sie ist kalt	es ist kalt	sie sind kalt
strong declension (without article)	nominative	kalter	kalte	kaltes	kalte
	genitive	kalten	kalter	kalten	kalter
	dative	kaltem	kalter	kaltem	kalten
	accusative	kalten	kalte	kaltes	kalte
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der kalte	die kalte	das kalte	die kalten
	genitive	des kalten	der kalten	des kalten	der kalten
	dative	dem kalten	der kalten	dem kalten	den kalten
	accusative	den kalten	die kalte	das kalte	die kalten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein kalter	eine kalte	ein kaltes	(keine) kalten
	genitive	eines kalten	einer kalten	eines kalten	(keiner) kalten
	dative	einem kalten	einer kalten	einem kalten	(keinen) kalten
	accusative	einen kalten	eine kalte	ein kaltes	(keine) kalten

Comparative forms of kalt

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist kälter	sie ist kälter	es ist kälter	sie sind kälter
strong declension (without article)	nominative	kälterer	kältere	kälteres	kältere
	genitive	kälteren	kälterer	kälteren	kälterer
	dative	kälterem	kälterer	kälterem	kälteren
	accusative	kälteren	kältere	kälteres	kältere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der kältere	die kältere	das kältere	die kälteren
	genitive	des kälteren	der kälteren	des kälteren	der kälteren
	dative	dem kälteren	der kälteren	dem kälteren	den kälteren
	accusative	den kälteren	die kältere	das kältere	die kälteren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein kälterer	eine kältere	ein kälteres	(keine) kälteren
	genitive	eines kälteren	einer kälteren	eines kälteren	(keiner) kälteren
	dative	einem kälteren	einer kälteren	einem kälteren	(keinen) kälteren
	accusative	einen kälteren	eine kältere	ein kälteres	(keine) kälteren

Superlative forms of kalt

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am kältesten	sie ist am kältesten	es ist am kältesten	sie sind am kältesten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	kältester	kälteste	kältestes	kälteste
	genitive	kältesten	kältester	kältesten	kältester
	dative	kältestem	kältester	kältestem	kältesten
	accusative	kältesten	kälteste	kältestes	kälteste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der kälteste	die kälteste	das kälteste	die kältesten
	genitive	des kältesten	der kältesten	des kältesten	der kältesten
	dative	dem kältesten	der kältesten	dem kältesten	den kältesten
	accusative	den kältesten	die kälteste	das kälteste	die kältesten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein kältester	eine kälteste	ein kältestes	(keine) kältesten
	genitive	eines kältesten	einer kältesten	eines kältesten	(keiner) kältesten
	dative	einem kältesten	einer kältesten	einem kältesten	(keinen) kältesten
	accusative	einen kältesten	eine kälteste	ein kältestes	(keine) kältesten

Antonyms

• warm, heiß (objects, weather etc.)
• freundlich, passioniert (emotions)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• arschkalt
• bitterkalt
• die kalte Schulter zeigen
• hundekalt
• scheißkalt
• scheißekalt
• kalt bleiben - keep one's temper
• kalten Blutes - in cold blood
• kalter Brand - gangrene
• kaltes Fieber - ague

Related terms

• Kälte f

Adverb

kalt

1. (of rent-paying) as base rent; excluding utilities

   Antonym: warm

   Ich zahle 550 € kalt für meine Wohnung.

   I pay €550 base rent for my apartment.

Derived terms

• Kaltmiete

Further reading

• “kalt” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “kalt” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “kalt” in Duden online

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to hit, strike”), cognates include Latin clādēs. See the latter for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kālt]

Verb

kalt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kaļu, kal, kaļ, past kalu)

1. to forge
2. to hammer
3. to chisel
4. to coin (money)
5. to mint (money)
6. to shoe (a horse)
7. to peck (of a woodpecker)
8. to hew

Conjugation

conjugation of kalt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	kaļu	kalu	kalšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	kal	kali	kalsi	kal
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	kaļ	kala	kals	lai kaļ
1st pers. pl.	mēs	kaļam	kalām	kalsim	kalsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	kaļat	kalāt	kalsiet, kalsit	kaliet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	kaļ	kala	kals	lai kaļ
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	kaļot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		kaļošs
Past	esot kalis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		kaldams
Future	kalšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		kaļot
Imperative	lai kaļot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		kaļam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		kalis
Present	kaltu		Present Passive		kaļams
Past	būtu kalis		Past Passive		kalts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jākaļ		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		kalt
Conjunctive 1	esot jākaļ		Negative Infinitive		nekalt
Conjunctive 2	jākaļot		Verbal noun		kalšana

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

kalt

1. past participle of kalle

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kald, whence also Old Saxon kald, Old English cald, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).

Adjective

kalt

1. cold

Derived terms

• kaltī

Descendants

• Middle High German: kalt
  • Alemannic German: chalt

    Walser: chalt, choalt, cholt, chélte

  • Bavarian: ckolt, kholt, kòlt, koid, kålt (Southern Bavarian, Carinthia, Tyrol), ckolt (Timau), kholt (Sauris), kòlt (Sappada)

    Cimbrian: kalt, khalt (Luserna, Sette Comuni)

    Mòcheno: khòlt, kòlt

  • Central Franconian: kalt
  • German: kalt
  • Luxembourgish: kal
  • Pennsylvania German: kalt
  • Vilamovian: kāłt
  • Yiddish: קאַלט (kalt)

Old Norse

Adjective

kalt

1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of kaldr

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German kalt. Compare German kalt, Dutch koud, English cold.

Adjective

kalt (comparative kelder, superlative keltscht)

1. cold

Swedish

Adjective

kalt

1. indefinite neuter singular of kal