kaldr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, whence also Old English cald, Old Frisian kald, Old Saxon kald, Old High German kalt, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.

Adjective

kaldr

1. cold

Declension

    Strong declension of kaldr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldr	kǫld	kalt
accusative	kaldan	kalda	kalt
dative	kǫldum	kaldri	kǫldu
genitive	kalds	kaldrar	kalds
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldir	kaldar	kǫld
accusative	kalda	kaldar	kǫld
dative	kǫldum	kǫldum	kǫldum
genitive	kaldra	kaldra	kaldra

    Weak declension of kaldr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldi	kalda	kalda
accusative	kalda	kǫldu	kalda
dative	kalda	kǫldu	kalda
genitive	kalda	kǫldu	kalda
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kǫldu	kǫldu	kǫldu
accusative	kǫldu	kǫldu	kǫldu
dative	kǫldum	kǫldum	kǫldum
genitive	kǫldu	kǫldu	kǫldu

    Declension of comparative of kaldr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldari	kaldari	kaldara
accusative	kaldara	kaldari	kaldara
dative	kaldara	kaldari	kaldara
genitive	kaldara	kaldari	kaldara
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldari	kaldari	kaldari
accusative	kaldari	kaldari	kaldari
dative	kǫldurum	kǫldurum	kǫldurum
genitive	kaldari	kaldari	kaldari

    Strong declension of superlative of kaldr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldastr	kǫldust	kaldast
accusative	kaldastan	kaldasta	kaldast
dative	kǫldustum	kaldastri	kǫldustu
genitive	kaldasts	kaldastrar	kaldasts
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldastir	kaldastar	kǫldust
accusative	kaldasta	kaldastar	kǫldust
dative	kǫldustum	kǫldustum	kǫldustum
genitive	kaldastra	kaldastra	kaldastra

    Weak declension of superlative of kaldr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaldasti	kaldasta	kaldasta
accusative	kaldasta	kǫldustu	kaldasta
dative	kaldasta	kǫldustu	kaldasta
genitive	kaldasta	kǫldustu	kaldasta
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kǫldustu	kǫldustu	kǫldustu
accusative	kǫldustu	kǫldustu	kǫldustu
dative	kǫldustum	kǫldustum	kǫldustum
genitive	kǫldustu	kǫldustu	kǫldustu

Descendants

• Icelandic: kaldur
• Faroese: kaldur
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kald; (dialectal) kald’u, kald’e
• Norwegian Bokmål: kald
• Elfdalian: kold
• Old Swedish: kalder, kaller
  • Swedish: kall
• Old Danish: kald
  • Danish: kold
    • Norwegian Bokmål: kold (Riksmål)
• Gutnish: kaldar

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kaldr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive