jūs
Appearance
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]jūs
- you; accusative plural of jūs
jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)
- you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people
- kur jūs, zēni, bijāt? ― where, boys, were you?
- steidzieties, jūs jau gaida! ― hurry up, they are already waiting for you!
- kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis? ― which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?
- esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs ― you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you
- (formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized
- būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs ― to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs
- (Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt ― (Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything
- pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību ― I thank (you) for your help
- Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs? ― Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?
Declension
[edit]declension of jūs
nominative (nominatīvs) | jūs |
---|---|
accusative (akuzatīvs) | jūs |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | jūsu |
dative (datīvs) | jums |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | jums |
locative (lokatīvs) | jūsos |
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “jūs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”).
Pronoun
[edit]jūs
Declension
[edit]declension of jūs
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Lithuanian personal pronouns
singular (vienaskaita) | dual (dviskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | reflexive (sangrąžiniai) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||||||||
nominative (vardininkas) |
àš | tù | jìs, jisaĩ |
jì, jinaĩ |
mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu, jiẽdu |
jiẽdvi | mẽs | jū̃s | jiẽ | jõs | - | ||||
genitive (kilmininkas) |
manę̃s | tavę̃s | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | savę̃s | ||||||||
dative (naudininkas) |
mán | táu | jám | jái | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mùms | jùms | jíems | jóms | sáu | |||||||
accusative (galininkas) |
manè | tavè | jį̃ | ją̃ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu | jiẽdvi | mùs | jùs | juõs | jàs | savè | ||||
instrumental (įnagininkas) |
manimì, manim̃ | tavimì, tavim̃ | juõ | jà | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mumìs | jumìs | jaĩs | jomìs | savimì, savim̃ | |||||||
locative (vietininkas) |
manyjè, manỹ | tavyjè, tavỹ | jamè | jojè | mùdviese | jùdviese | jiẽdviese | mumysè | jumysè | juosè | josè | savyjè, savỹ | |||||||
possessive (savybiniai) |
màno | tàvo | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | sàvo |
Old Prussian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”).
Pronoun
[edit]jūs (singular tū)
- you, the second person plural pronoun
Categories:
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian pronoun forms
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian pronouns
- Latvian personal pronouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian formal terms
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian pronouns
- Lithuanian personal pronouns
- Lithuanian formal terms
- Old Prussian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Prussian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Prussian lemmas
- Old Prussian pronouns