vilu

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See also: vīļu and vílu

Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Noun

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vilu (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

  1. cool weather

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈʋilu/, [ˈʋilu]
  • Rhymes: -ilu
  • Syllabification(key): vi‧lu

Noun

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vilu

  1. cold (sensation; feeling cold)
    Synonyms: kylmä, vilpo

Declension

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Inflection of vilu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative vilu vilut
genitive vilun vilujen
partitive vilua viluja
illative viluun viluihin
singular plural
nominative vilu vilut
accusative nom. vilu vilut
gen. vilun
genitive vilun vilujen
partitive vilua viluja
inessive vilussa viluissa
elative vilusta viluista
illative viluun viluihin
adessive vilulla viluilla
ablative vilulta viluilta
allative vilulle viluille
essive viluna viluina
translative viluksi viluiksi
abessive vilutta viluitta
instructive — viluin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of vilu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative viluni viluni
accusative nom. viluni viluni
gen. viluni
genitive viluni vilujeni
partitive viluani vilujani
inessive vilussani viluissani
elative vilustani viluistani
illative viluuni viluihini
adessive vilullani viluillani
ablative vilultani viluiltani
allative vilulleni viluilleni
essive vilunani viluinani
translative vilukseni viluikseni
abessive viluttani viluittani
instructive — —
comitative — viluineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative vilusi vilusi
accusative nom. vilusi vilusi
gen. vilusi
genitive vilusi vilujesi
partitive viluasi vilujasi
inessive vilussasi viluissasi
elative vilustasi viluistasi
illative viluusi viluihisi
adessive vilullasi viluillasi
ablative vilultasi viluiltasi
allative vilullesi viluillesi
essive vilunasi viluinasi
translative viluksesi viluiksesi
abessive viluttasi viluittasi
instructive — —
comitative — viluinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative vilumme vilumme
accusative nom. vilumme vilumme
gen. vilumme
genitive vilumme vilujemme
partitive viluamme vilujamme
inessive vilussamme viluissamme
elative vilustamme viluistamme
illative viluumme viluihimme
adessive vilullamme viluillamme
ablative vilultamme viluiltamme
allative vilullemme viluillemme
essive vilunamme viluinamme
translative viluksemme viluiksemme
abessive viluttamme viluittamme
instructive — —
comitative — viluinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative vilunne vilunne
accusative nom. vilunne vilunne
gen. vilunne
genitive vilunne vilujenne
partitive viluanne vilujanne
inessive vilussanne viluissanne
elative vilustanne viluistanne
illative viluunne viluihinne
adessive vilullanne viluillanne
ablative vilultanne viluiltanne
allative vilullenne viluillenne
essive vilunanne viluinanne
translative viluksenne viluiksenne
abessive viluttanne viluittanne
instructive — —
comitative — viluinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative vilunsa vilunsa
accusative nom. vilunsa vilunsa
gen. vilunsa
genitive vilunsa vilujensa
partitive viluaan
viluansa 		vilujaan
vilujansa
inessive vilussaan
vilussansa 		viluissaan
viluissansa
elative vilustaan
vilustansa 		viluistaan
viluistansa
illative viluunsa viluihinsa
adessive vilullaan
vilullansa 		viluillaan
viluillansa
ablative vilultaan
vilultansa 		viluiltaan
viluiltansa
allative vilulleen
vilullensa 		viluilleen
viluillensa
essive vilunaan
vilunansa 		viluinaan
viluinansa
translative vilukseen
viluksensa 		viluikseen
viluiksensa
abessive viluttaan
viluttansa 		viluittaan
viluittansa
instructive — —
comitative — viluineen
viluinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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vilu

  1. cold (sensation)
  2. shade (place with shadow)

Declension

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Declension of vilu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative vilu vilut
genitive vilun villuin, viluloin
partitive villua viluja, viluloja
illative villuu villui, viluloihe
inessive vilus viluis, vilulois
elative vilust viluist, viluloist
allative vilulle viluille, viluloille
adessive vilul viluil, viluloil
ablative vilult viluilt, viluloilt
translative viluks viluiks, viluloiks
essive vilunna, villuun viluinna, viluloinna, villuin, viluloin
exessive1) vilunt viluint, viluloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “cold”): vari

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  • Fedor Tumansky (1790) “вилу”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 667
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 667

Karelian

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Regional variants of vilu
North Karelian
(Viena) 		vilu
South Karelian
(Tver) 		vilu

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈʋilu/
  • Hyphenation: vi‧lu

Noun

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vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluo)

  1. cold, coldness

Adjective

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vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluo, comparative vilumpi／vilumbi, superlative viluin)

  1. cold, cool
  2. hardhearted, callous

Declension

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Viena Karelian declension of vilu (type 1/tyttö, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative vilu vilut
genitive vilun vilujen
partitive viluo viluja
illative viluh viluloih
inessive vilušša viluloissa
elative vilušta viluloista
adessive vilulla viluloilla
ablative vilulta viluloilta
translative vilukši viluloiksi
essive viluna viluloina
comitative — viluloineh
abessive vilutta viluloitta
Tver Karelian declension of vilu (type 1/tyttö no gradation)
singular plural
nominative vilu vilut
genitive vilun viluloin
partitive viluo viluloida
illative viluh viluloih
inessive vilušša viluloissa
elative vilušta viluloista
adessive vilulla viluloilla
ablative vilulda viluloilda
translative vilukši viluloiksi
essive viluna viluloina
comitative vilunke viluloinke
abessive vilutta viluloitta
Possessive forms of vilu
1st person viluni
2nd person viluš
3rd person viluh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

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  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “vilu”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “холод”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Livvi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈʋilu/
  • Hyphenation: vi‧lu
  • Rhymes: -ilu

Noun

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vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluu)

  1. cold, coldness

Adjective

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vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluu)

  1. cold, cool
  2. hardhearted, callous

Declension

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Declension of vilu (Type 11/lindu, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative vilu vilut
genitive vilun viluloin
partitive viluu viluloi
illative viluh viluloih
inessive vilus vilulois
elative viluspäi viluloispäi
allative vilule viluloile
adessive vilul viluloil
ablative vilulpäi viluloilpäi
translative vilukse viluloikse
essive vilunnu viluloinnu
abessive viluttah viluloittah
comitative vilunke viluloinke
instructive viluloin
prolative viluči

References

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  • Olga Žarinova (2012) Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 11
  • Tatjana Boiko (2019) “vilu”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN

Ludian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

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vilu

  1. cold

Noun

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vilu

  1. cold (sensation)

Sinicahua Mixtec

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mixtec *wiluʔ.

Noun

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vilu

  1. cat

References

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  • Tutu ja ndee tnuꞌu suꞌva ja ka kaꞌan ndaka ñayivi ñuu Xini Kava = Pequeño diccionario ilustrado en el mixteco de San Antonio Sinicahua‎[2], preliminary edition (overall work in Sinicahua Mixtec and Spanish), 2010, page 8

Veps

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

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vilu

  1. cold

Inflection

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Inflection of vilu (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing. vilu
genitive sing. vilun
partitive sing. vilud
partitive plur. viluid
singular plural
nominative vilu vilud
accusative vilun vilud
genitive vilun viluiden
partitive vilud viluid
essive-instructive vilun viluin
translative viluks viluikš
inessive vilus viluiš
elative viluspäi viluišpäi
illative vilhu
viluhu 		viluihe
adessive vilul viluil
ablative vilulpäi viluilpäi
allative vilule viluile
abessive viluta viluita
comitative vilunke viluidenke
prolative viludme viluidme
approximative I vilunno viluidenno
approximative II vilunnoks viluidennoks
egressive vilunnopäi viluidennopäi
terminative I vilhusai
viluhusai 		viluihesai
terminative II vilulesai viluilesai
terminative III vilussai —
additive I vilhupäi
viluhupäi 		viluihepäi
additive II vilulepäi viluilepäi

Noun

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vilu

  1. coldness, cold

Inflection

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Inflection of vilu (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing. vilu
genitive sing. vilun
partitive sing. vilud
partitive plur. viluid
singular plural
nominative vilu vilud
accusative vilun vilud
genitive vilun viluiden
partitive vilud viluid
essive-instructive vilun viluin
translative viluks viluikš
inessive vilus viluiš
elative viluspäi viluišpäi
illative vilhu
viluhu 		viluihe
adessive vilul viluil
ablative vilulpäi viluilpäi
allative vilule viluile
abessive viluta viluita
comitative vilunke viluidenke
prolative viludme viluidme
approximative I vilunno viluidenno
approximative II vilunnoks viluidennoks
egressive vilunnopäi viluidennopäi
terminative I vilhusai
viluhusai 		viluihesai
terminative II vilulesai viluilesai
terminative III vilussai —
additive I vilhupäi
viluhupäi 		viluihepäi
additive II vilulepäi viluilepäi

Derived terms

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References

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Votic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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vilu

  1. cold, chilly, freezing cold

Noun

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vilu

  1. cold weather, chilly weather

Inflection

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Declension of vilu (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative vilu vilud
genitive vilu vilujõ, vilui
partitive villua viluitõ, vilui
illative villusõ, villu viluisõ
inessive viluz viluiz
elative vilussõ viluissõ
allative vilulõ viluilõ
adessive vilullõ viluillõ
ablative vilultõ viluiltõ
translative vilussi viluissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

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  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “vilu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Yosondúa Mixtec

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mixtec *wiluʔ.

Noun

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vilu

  1. cat

References

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  • Beaty de Farris, Kathryn, et al. (2012) Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎[4] (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 85
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