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ek

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ek"

Afrikaans

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Alternative forms

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  • ik (Cape Afrikaans or archaic), ekke (emphatic or marked variant)

Etymology

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From Dutch ik, from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂om (“I”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /æk/, (Cape dialect) /ɛk/
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

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ek (object my, possessive my)

  1. I (subject)
    • 1976, Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, page 19:
      Hy het na my geskop, maar ek het dit verwag en het vinnig my been gelig en dwars gedraai.
      He kicked towards me, but I expected this and quickly lifted my leg and turned it sidewards.
    • 1994, in Annemarié Van Niekerk, Vrouevertellers. 1843-1993, Tafelberg-Uitgewers (publ.), page 308.
      " […] Ek is jou vader. Ek sal jou doodslaan as jy nie luister nie!"
      " […] I am your father. I shall beat you to death if you do not listen!"
    • 2011, Kashiefa, Sedick, Zakeer & Sedeeqa Jacobs, "Die pad is toe", in No Land! No House! No Vote! Voices from Symphony Way, Pambazuka Press (publ.), page 132.
      Ek het nog nooit 'n huis gehad nie, my ouers het ook nog nooit een besit nie
      I have never owned a house, my parents also have never possessed one either.

See also

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Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive determiner possessive pronoun
singular 1st ek my myne
2nd jy jou joune
2nd, formal u u s’n
3rd, masc hy hom sy syne
3rd, fem sy haar hare
3rd, neut dit sy syne
plural 1st ons ons s’n
2nd julle / jul1 julle s’n
3rd hulle / hul1 hulle s’n
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Ainu

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ek (Kana spelling エㇰ, plural ariki)

  1. (intransitive) to come

Bergish

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Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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ek

  1. (Barmen) I (first person pronoun)

Coordinate terms

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  • mek (“me (dative/accusative)”)
  • du (“thou”)
  • dek (“thee (dative/accusative)”)
  • sek (“reflexive pronoun”)
  • hä (“he”)
  • se (“she/they”)
  • et (“it”)

Further reading

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  • Charlotte Elling, edited by Paul Decker, Mehr Vertellsches on Vääschkes uttem Wopperdal, Verlag Edition Köndgen, s.a. [2017]; by the Vorwort by Paul Decker Charlotte Elling is from Barmen, and according to publisher it's in "Barmer Platt"

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Back-formation from ek-.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ek

  1. let's go, hurry up
    Ek! Ni ne havas multan tempon.
    Let's go! We don't have much time.

Fiji Hindi

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Etymology

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From Hindi एक (ek).

Numeral

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ek

  1. one

References

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Hokkien

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Etymology 1

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 億 (“hundred million; hundred thousand; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 億).

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 厄 (“harrowing; miserable; disaster; calamity; catastrophe; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 厄).

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 啞 (“laughter; sound of laughing”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 啞).

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 憶 (“to recall; to recollect; to think back; to remember; to bear in mind; to memorize; to remember; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 憶).

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 扼 (“to grasp; to clutch; to guard; to control; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 扼).

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 抑 (“to press down; to keep down; to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 抑).

Etymology 7

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 溢 (“to overflow; to brim over; to flood; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 溢).

Etymology 8

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 益 (“to overflow; affluent; well-off; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 益).

Etymology 9

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For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 臆 (“chest; breast; bosom; thought; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 臆).

Icelandic

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse ek, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Alternative forms

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  • ég (modern)
  • eg (archaic, poetic)

Pronoun

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ek

  1. (archaic) I
    Ek spurða þá, hvar ek skyldi sitja.
    I asked then, where I should sit.
Declension
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  Icelandic personal pronouns
Icelandic personal pronouns
singular first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative ég, eg, ek† þú hann hún, hon†, hón† það, þat†
accusative mig, mik† þig, þik† hann hana það, þat†
dative mér þér honum, hánum† henni því
genitive mín þín hans hennar þess
plural first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative við þið, þit† þeir þær þau
accusative okkur ykkur þá þær þau
dative okkur ykkur þeim þeim þeim
genitive okkar ykkar þeirra þeirra þeirra

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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ek

  1. first-person singular active present indicative of aka

Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek). Also seen as a borrowing from Latin ex, with the x changed to just k so not to interfere with ex-, which shares the same origin.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ek

  1. (general sense) out
  2. (indicating motion) out, out of, out from, from
    Adportez stulo ek ta chambro ― Bring a chair out of that room.
    Lu prenis ca folio ek la tir-kesto ― He took this leaf from the drawer.
  3. of, made from, made of (of materials)
    Ek quon esas ta tasi? ― What are the cups made of?
    Li esas ek porcelano. ― They are made of china.
  4. (mathematics) (indication fractional parts) out of
    Nonadek ek cent. ― Ninety out of a hundred (90%).
    En ca armeo, 5 ek 100 esas ocidita, 10 ek 100 vundita.
    In this army, five out of (every) 100 were killed, and ten per cent were wounded.

Derived terms

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Kalasha

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Compare Hindi एक (ek).

Numeral

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ek

  1. one; 1

Ladino

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Latin ecce. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Old Spanish or Italian?”)

Interjection

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ek (Latin spelling)

  1. lo!, behold!, see!, look!

Marshallese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ek

  1. fish

References

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Mauritian Creole

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From French avec.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ek

  1. and

Preposition

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ek

  1. with

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English ēac, from Proto-Germanic *auk.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ek

  1. also, in addition, besides

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Scots: eik, ek
  • English: eke
  • ⇒ Middle English: ekename

Middle Low German

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ek

  1. Alternative form of ik.

North Frisian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Norse ekki. Cognate with Danish ikke, Faroese ikki, Norwegian Nynorsk ikkje.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ek

  1. (Sylt) not
    „Di rocht Saaken ken di Oogen ek se“, sair di Litji Prins, fuar höm dit tö morki.
    “The important things cannot be seen with the eyes,” said the Little Prince, so he would remember this.

Northern Ohlone

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Pronoun

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ek

  1. my, mine (first-person, singular, possessive pronoun)

References

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  • María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎[2], Unpublished

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Danish eg, from Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”). Cognate with Swedish ek, Norwegian Nynorsk, Faroese, and Icelandic eik, German Eiche, and English oak.

Noun

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ek m (definite singular eken, indefinite plural eker, definite plural ekene)

  1. an oak
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Old Frisian

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *aik.

Noun

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ēk f

  1. oak

References

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Old Norse

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek, “I”), from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ek

  1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
    • c. 900, Vǫluspá, verse 1, line 1:
      Hliods bið ec allar... (Codex Regius, circa 1270)
      Hlioðs bið ek allar... (Hauksbók, circa 1306)
      Hljóðs bið ek allar... (normalised orthography)
      For silence I ask all...
    • 1220-1240, Egils saga, chapter 3, line 16:
      "Þótt þetta vandræði hafi nú borit oss at hendi, þá mun eigi langt til, at sama vandræði mun til yðvar koma, því at Haraldr, ætla ek, at skjótt mun hér koma, þá er hann hefir alla menn þrælkat ok áþját, sem hann vill, á Norðmæri ok í Raumsdal." (Norse)
      translation by William Charles Green:
      Though this danger now touches us, before long the same will come to you; for Harold, as I ween, will hasten hither when he has enthralled and oppressed after his will all in North Mæra and Raumsdale.
      translation by Hallvard Lie:
      Though this trouble have now lighted on our hand, 'twill not be long ere the same trouble shall come upon you; for Harald, I ween, will shortly hither come, soon as he hath all men thralled and enslaved, according to this will, in Northmere and Raumsdale.

Declension

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Old Norse personal pronouns
number first person second person reflexive third person
case singular singular masculine singular feminine singular neuter
nominative ek þú hann hon, hón, hǫ́n þat
accusative mik þik sik hann hana, hána þat
dative mér þér sér hánum, hónum, hǫ́num henni því
genitive mín þín sín hans hennar þess
case dual
nominative vit it, þit
accusative okkr ykkr sik
dative okkr ykkr sér
genitive okkar ykkar sín
case plural plural masculine plural feminine plural neuter
nominative vér ér, þér þeir þær þau
accusative oss yðr sik þá þær þau
dative oss yðr sér þeim þeim þeim
genitive vár yðar, yðvar sín þeira, þeirra þeira, þeirra þeira, þeirra


Descendants

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References

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  • “ek”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ēk f

  1. oak

Declension

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Declension of ēk (feminine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative ēk ēki
accusative ēk ēki
genitive ēki ēkiō
dative ēki ēkium
instrumental — —


Descendants

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Proto-Norse

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Romanization

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ek

  1. Romanization of ᛖᚲ
  2. Romanization of ᛖᚴ

Rohingya

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Rohingya cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ek

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ek

  1. one

Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
en ek

Etymology

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From Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ek c

  1. oak

Declension

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Declension of ek
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ek eks
definite eken ekens
plural indefinite ekar ekars
definite ekarna ekarnas

Derived terms

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References

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Tocharian B

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Etymology

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From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃okʷ- (“to see”) + the noun-forming ending *-s. Compare Tocharian A ak.

Noun

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ek m

  1. (anatomy) eye
    Eśane klausane ṣeycer-me kartstse yolo lkātsi klyaussisa.
    "You had eyes and ears to see and hear good and evil."

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ek”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 78-79

Turkish

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Noun

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ek (definite accusative eki, plural ekler)

  1. annex
  2. (publishing) supplement (of newspapers, magazines &c.)
    Synonym: ilave
  3. addition
  4. attachment
  5. addendum
  6. (linguistics) morpheme that is attached to a word
    1. affix
    2. suffix

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative ek
Definite accusative eki
Singular Plural
Nominative ek ekler
Definite accusative eki ekleri
Dative eke eklere
Locative ekte eklerde
Ablative ekten eklerden
Genitive ekin eklerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekim eklerim
2nd singular ekin eklerin
3rd singular eki ekleri
1st plural ekimiz eklerimiz
2nd plural ekiniz ekleriniz
3rd plural ekleri ekleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimi eklerimi
2nd singular ekini eklerini
3rd singular ekini eklerini
1st plural ekimizi eklerimizi
2nd plural ekinizi eklerinizi
3rd plural eklerini eklerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekime eklerime
2nd singular ekine eklerine
3rd singular ekine eklerine
1st plural ekimize eklerimize
2nd plural ekinize eklerinize
3rd plural eklerine eklerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimde eklerimde
2nd singular ekinde eklerinde
3rd singular ekinde eklerinde
1st plural ekimizde eklerimizde
2nd plural ekinizde eklerinizde
3rd plural eklerinde eklerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimden eklerimden
2nd singular ekinden eklerinden
3rd singular ekinden eklerinden
1st plural ekimizden eklerimizden
2nd plural ekinizden eklerinizden
3rd plural eklerinden eklerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimin eklerimin
2nd singular ekinin eklerinin
3rd singular ekinin eklerinin
1st plural ekimizin eklerimizin
2nd plural ekinizin eklerinizin
3rd plural eklerinin eklerinin
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular ekim eklerim
2nd singular eksin eklersin
3rd singular ek
ektir 		ekler
eklerdir
1st plural ekiz ekleriz
2nd plural eksiniz eklersiniz
3rd plural ekler eklerdir

Hyponyms

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Adjective

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ek

  1. additional
  2. supplementary

Verb

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ek

  1. second-person singular imperative of ekmek

Volapük

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Pronoun

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ek

  1. someone; anyone

Declension

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    declension of ek
singular plural
nominative ek eks
genitive eka ekas
dative eke ekes
accusative eki ekis

West Frisian

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian āk, from Proto-West Germanic *auk.

Adverb

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ek

  1. also, too

Further reading

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  • “ek”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zhuang

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Etymology

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From Proto-Tai *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”), from Middle Chinese 軛 (MC 'eak, “yoke”). Cognate with Thai แอก (ɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແອກ (ʼǣk), Tai Dam ꪵꪮꪀ, Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ek (Sawndip forms 兀 or 𰠪 or 枙 or 𣐎, 1957–1982 spelling ek)

  1. yoke
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