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This is a Swadesh list of words in Italian English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Italianitaliano edit (207) 1 I (1sg )io 2 you (2sg )tu 3 he , she , it (3sg )egli lui 4 we (1pl )noi 5 you (2pl )voi 6 they (3pl )loro essi 7 this questo 8 that quello 9 here qui qua 10 there lì là 11 who chi 12 what che cosa 13 where dove 14 when quando 15 how come 16 not non 17 all tutto 18 many tanto 19 some alcuni 20 few poco 21 other altro 22 one un uno una un' 23 two due 24 three tre 25 four quattro 26 five cinque 27 big grande 28 long lungo 29 wide largo 30 thick spesso 31 heavy pesante 32 small piccolo 33 short corto 34 narrow stretto 35 thin sottile 36 woman donna 37 man (adult male)uomo 38 man (human being)persona 39 child bambino 40 wife moglie 41 husband marito 42 mother madre 43 father padre 44 animal animale 45 fish pesce 46 bird uccello 47 dog cane 48 louse pidocchio 49 snake serpente 50 worm verme 51 tree albero pianta 52 forest foresta bosco 53 stick bastone 54 fruit frutta 55 seed seme 56 leaf foglia 57 root radice 58 bark (of a tree)corteccia 59 flower fiore 60 grass erba 61 rope corda fune 62 skin pelle 63 meat carne 64 blood sangue 65 bone osso 66 fat (noun)grasso 67 egg uovo 68 horn corno 69 tail coda 70 feather penna 71 hair capello 72 head testa 73 ear orecchio 74 eye occhio 75 nose naso 76 mouth bocca 77 tooth dente 78 tongue (organ)lingua 79 fingernail unghia 80 foot piede 81 leg gamba 82 knee ginocchio 83 hand mano 84 wing ala 85 belly pancia 86 guts intestino 87 neck collo 88 back schiena 89 breast petto 90 heart cuore 91 liver fegato 92 to drink bere 93 to eat mangiare 94 to bite mordere 95 to suck succhiare 96 to spit sputare 97 to vomit vomitare 98 to blow soffiare 99 to breathe respirare 100 to laugh ridere 101 to see vedere 102 to hear sentire 103 to know sapere 104 to think pensare 105 to smell odorare 106 to fear temere 107 to sleep dormire 108 to live vivere 109 to die morire 110 to kill uccidere ammazzare 111 to fight combattere 112 to hunt cacciare 113 to hit colpire 114 to cut tagliare 115 to split dividere 116 to stab pugnalare 117 to scratch graffiare 118 to dig scavare 119 to swim nuotare 120 to fly volare 121 to walk camminare 122 to come venire 123 to lie (as in a bed) distendersi giacere 124 to sit sedersi 125 to stand stare in piedistare eretto126 to turn (intransitive) girare 127 to fall cadere 128 to give dare 129 to hold tenere 130 to squeeze spremere 131 to rub strofinare 132 to wash lavare 133 to wipe asciugare 134 to pull tirare 135 to push spingere 136 to throw lanciare 137 to tie legare 138 to sew cucire 139 to count contare 140 to say dire 141 to sing cantare 142 to play giocare 143 to float galleggiare 144 to flow fluire scorrere 145 to freeze gelare 146 to swell gonfiare 147 sun sole 148 moon luna 149 star stella 150 water acqua 151 rain pioggia 152 river fiume 153 lake lago 154 sea mare 155 salt sale 156 stone sasso pietra 157 sand sabbia 158 dust polvere 159 earth terra mondo 160 cloud nuvola 161 fog nebbia 162 sky cielo 163 wind vento 164 snow neve 165 ice ghiaccio 166 smoke fumo 167 fire fuoco 168 ash cenere 169 to burn bruciare 170 road strada 171 mountain montagna 172 red rosso 173 green verde 174 yellow giallo 175 white bianco 176 black nero 177 night notte 178 day giorno 179 year anno 180 warm caldo 181 cold freddo 182 full pieno 183 new nuovo 184 old vecchio 185 good buono 186 bad cattivo 187 rotten marcio 188 dirty sporco 189 straight dritto 190 round rotondo 191 sharp (as a knife)affilato 192 dull (as a knife)smussato 193 smooth liscio 194 wet bagnato 195 dry secco 196 correct giusto corretto 197 near vicino 198 far lontano 199 right destra 200 left sinistra 201 at a 202 in in 203 with con 204 and e 205 if se 206 because perché 207 name nome
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