This is a Swadesh list of words in Linngithigh English . The Linngithigh dialect has the ISO 639-3 language code: [lnj].
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English
Linngithigh Linngithigh
1
I
ayong
2
you (singular)
tru
3
he , she , it
lu
4
we
dual inclusive: linggay non-singular exclusive: nan plural inclusive: puy
5
you (plural)
dual: poy plural: irae
6
they
dual: lawuy plural: 'ar
7
this
lin
8
that
ko koth
9
here
kon
10
there
ko
11
who
a'inh
12
what
ani
13
where
tron
14
when
andikam
15
how
16
not
ngga'
17
all
18
many
orri orrimam
19
some
20
few
21
other
22
one
pim
23
two
odhithigh
24
three
cum
25
four
26
five
27
big
wayigh
28
long
oghom
29
wide
wayigh
30
thick
31
heavy
puynggon
32
small
abhogh
33
short
kapan
34
narrow
35
thin
36
woman
ndram
37
man (adult male)
ma
38
man (human being)
ma
39
child
ayongthagh ayongthaegh
40
wife
41
husband
42
mother
adhoy
43
father
nithagh
44
animal
45
fish
nya puy
46
bird
oyathigh
47
dog
omindh
48
louse
ibhi
49
snake
amicu
50
worm
51
tree
kil
52
forest
53
stick
kil
54
fruit
logh
55
seed
lidh
56
leaf
thondh
57
root
ngkil
58
bark (of a tree)
iwin
59
flower
cany
60
grass
owo'piy
61
rope
62
skin
iwin
63
meat
mbwa' nya
64
blood
kombwinh
65
bone
puy
66
fat (noun)
ki'
67
egg
ngambay
68
horn
69
tail
cagh
70
feather
imal
71
hair
in'a
72
head
aran
73
ear
iwogh
74
eye
tha
75
nose
iri
76
mouth
ka
77
tooth
lidh
78
tongue (organ)
lan
79
fingernail
a'alan
80
foot
81
leg
kay
82
knee
nggo
83
hand
a'a
84
wing
imal
85
belly
86
guts
thoplo
87
neck
ndroy
88
back
mbwin
89
breast
nju'
90
heart
anha
91
liver
thandragh
92
to drink
njay
93
to eat
njay
94
to bite
thac
95
to suck
96
to spit
97
to vomit
98
to blow
njic ( of wind )
99
to breathe
100
to laugh
ngga'mac
101
to see
cic
102
to hear
nganyay
103
to know
104
to think
105
to smell
oghac
106
to fear
ngithmac
107
to sleep
108
to live
109
to die
ighoc
110
to kill
mbwic
111
to fight
112
to hunt
113
to hit
cac
114
to cut
ndron
115
to split
116
to stab
njic
117
to scratch
mbraec
118
to dig
i'ic
119
to swim
odhimthiy
120
to fly
121
to walk
liy
122
to come
nhay
123
to lie (as in a bed)
njin
124
to sit
inac
125
to stand
njay
126
to turn (intransitive)
127
to fall
njiy
128
to give
poc
129
to hold
awan
130
to squeeze
131
to rub
anyac
132
to wash
njay
133
to wipe
134
to pull
135
to push
136
to throw
pon
137
to tie
thac thadac
138
to sew
ndhaec
139
to count
140
to say
cay
141
to sing
thac
142
to play
olamac
143
to float
144
to flow
145
to freeze
146
to swell
kamay
147
sun
nga
148
moon
canam
149
star
ongarr
150
water
ngogh
151
rain
aghi
152
river
irranh
153
lake
154
sea
ndhinh
155
salt
156
stone
prae'
157
sand
nja
158
dust
ibhi
159
earth
160
cloud
ngambay
161
fog
162
sky
alan
163
wind
mburmbwinh
164
snow
165
ice
166
smoke
ibhor
167
fire
mae
168
ash
ibhi
169
to burn
njic kayngac
170
road
arrogh
171
mountain
oghanh
172
red
173
green
ayam
174
yellow
175
white
iyin
176
black
nggodhro
177
night
178
day
179
year
180
warm
maepithigh
181
cold
tharthae
182
full
kapithigh ka
183
new
adhimbrong
184
old
185
good
adhar
186
bad
brae
187
rotten
188
dirty
ibhicathigh
189
straight
ndhodhom
190
round
aghol
191
sharp (as a knife)
192
dull (as a knife)
koca
193
smooth
owrae'owrae'
194
wet
195
dry
iroth
196
correct
197
near
paey
198
far
oghol
199
right
200
left
201
at
202
in
kar
203
with
204
and
205
if
206
because
207
name
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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