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Appendix:Maori Swadesh list

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is a Swadesh list of words in Maori, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

[edit]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

[edit]
English Māori
1 I ahau, au
2 thou
(singular)
koe
3 he ia
4 we māua, mātou, tāua, tātou
5 you
(plural)
koutou
6 they rātou
7 this tēnei
8 that tēnā, tērā
9 here konei
10 there konā, korā
11 who wai
12 what aha
13 where hea
14 when ahea, nōhea
15 how pēhea
16 not kāore, kīhai
17 all katoa
18 many maha
19 some ētahi
20 few ruarua, torutoru
21 other ētahi atu
22 one kotahi
23 two rua
24 three toru
25 four whā
26 five rima
27 big nui, rahi
28 long roa
29 wide whānui
30 thick mātotoru
31 heavy taimaha, taumaha
32 small iti, riki, paku
33 short poto
34 narrow whāiti
35 thin hūai, hūoi
36 woman wahine
37 man
(adult male)
tāne
38 man
(human being)
tangata
39 child
(a youth)
tamaiti
40 wife hoawahine
41 husband hoatāne
42 mother whaea
43 father matua
44 animal kararehe, kīrehe
45 fish ika
46 bird manu
47 dog kurī
48 louse kutu
49 snake mokongata (seasnake), nēke (from English)
50 worm noke, toke
51 tree rākau
52 forest ngahere, wao
53 stick
(of wōd)
rākau
54 fruit hua, huarākau
55 seed kākano, pata, purapura
56 leaf rau
57 root aka
58 bark
(of trē)
kiri
59 flower pua, puāwai
60 grass karaihe (from English), taru
61 rope taura
62 skin
(of a person)
hiako, kiri
63 meat
(as in flesh)
kiko, mīti (from English)
64 blood toto
65 bone koiwi, iwi, wheua
66 fat
(noun)
koiwi, iwi, wheua
67 egg hua, huamanu, hēki (from English)
68 horn pihi, tara, maire
69 tail hiku, waero
70 feather
(rather not down)
huru, huruhuru
71 hair huruhuru, makawe
72 head māhunga, mātenga, upoko
73 ear taringa
74 eye kanohi, karu, mata, whatu
75 nose ihu
76 mouth waha
77 tooth
(rather not molar)
niho
78 tongue arero
79 fingernail kuku, maikuku
80 foot wae, waewae
81
82
83
84 wing parihau, parirau
85 belly kōpū
86 guts whēkau
87 neck kakī
88 back tuarā
89 breast koumu
90 heart ngākau, manawa
91 liver ate
92 to drink inu
93 to eat kai, kamu
94 to bite kati, ngau
95 to suck mome, ngongo, ngote
96 to spit tuha, tuwha
97 to vomit ruaki
98 to blow
(as wind)
puhi
99 to breathe , ngā, whakangā
100 to laugh kata
101 to see kite
102 to hear rongo
103 to know
(a fact)
matau, mōhio
104 to think mahara, whakāro
105 to smell
(sense odor)
hongi
106 to fear mataku, wehi
107 to sleep moe
108 to live ora
109 to die hemo, mate
110 to kill patu
111 to fight riri, whawahi
112 to hunt
(transitive)
whai, whakangau
113 to hit patu
114 to cut hae, motu, tapahi
115 to split kōwhā, matata
116 to stab
(or stick)
oka
117 to scratch
(an itch)
raki, raku
118 to dig kari, keri
119 to swim kau, kauhoe
120 to fly rere
121 to walk haere, haere mā raro, wawake
122 to come haere mai
123 to lie
(as on one's side)
takoto
124 to sit noho
125 to stand
126 to turn
(change direction)
huri
127 to fall
(as in drop)
hinga, taka
128 to give hoatu, hōmai, koha
129 to hold
(in one's hand)
puri
130 to squeeze whakatē
131 to rub kōmiri, miri
132 to wash horoi
133 to wipe muku, ūkui
134 to pull
135 to push pana, pei
136 to throw maka, makawhiu, whiu
137 to tie here
138 to sew tui
139 to count tatau
140 to say
141 to sing waiata
142 to play tākaro
143 to float maunu, rewa
144 to flow rere
145 to freeze tio
146 to swell kukune, pupuhi
147 sun
148 moon mahina, marama
149 star whetū
150 water wai
151 to rain ua
152 river awa, manga, wai
153 lake moana, roto
154 sea
(as in ocean)
moana, tai
155 salt mātaitai, tote (from English)
156 stone kāmaka, kōwhatu, pōwhatu
157 sand kirikiri, one
158 dust nehu, puehu, pūnehu
159 earth
(as in soil)
whenua
160 cloud ao, kapua
161 fog kohu, pūkohu
162 sky rangi
163 wind
(as in brēze)
hau, matangi
164 snow huka, hukarere
165 ice kōpaka, huka, tio
166 smoke auahi, pawa, pua
167 fire ahi
168 ashes pungarehu
169 to burn
(intransitive)
, tahu, mura
170 road ara, huarahi
171 mountain maunga
172 red whero
173 green kākāriki, kirīni (from English)
174 yellow kōwhai
175 white
176 black mangu, pango
177 night
178 day
(daytime)
179 year tau
180 warm
(as in weather)
mahana
181 cold
(as in weather)
makariri, mātao
182 full , kikī
183 new hou
184 old tawhito
185 good pai
186 bad kino
187 rotten
(as a log)
pirau, piro
188 dirty paru, paruparu
189 straight tika
190 round kōtakataka, porotaka
191 sharp
(as a knife)
koi
192 dull
(as a knife)
pūhoi, pūhuki
193 smōth māenēne
194 wet mākū, mākūkū
195 dry
(adjective)
maroke
196 right
(correct)
tika
197 near tata
198 far mamao, pāmamao, tawhiti
199 right
(side)
katau, matau
200 left
(side)
kauī, māuī
201 at a, hei, i, kei, ki
202 in , roto
203 with
(accompanying)
i
204 and me
205 if ina, kite, kitemea, mehe, mei, metemea
206 because nātemea, nōtemea, tātemea, tōtemea
207 name ingoa