Appendix:Siouan and Pawnee Swadesh lists
Appearance
This is a Swadesh list of Siouan languages, specifically Lakota, Dakota, Osage, Tutelo and Crow, compared with that of Pawnee, as well as English. This list includes:
- Lakota (Teton), also known as Thítȟuŋwaŋ — South Dakota, United States
- Santee (Eastern) Dakota, also known as Isáŋyathi
- Sisseton Dakota, also known as Sisíthuŋwaŋ; Santee subdivision
- Yankton-Yanktonai (Western) Dakota, also known as Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna
- Osage — Oklahoma, United States (origins in Kentucky)
- Crow — Montana, United States
- Tutelo (Yesanechi) — West Virginia, Virginia, United States
- Pawnee — Oklahoma, United States (origins in Nebraska and Kansas); Skiri dialect used
Notes: Additional vocabulary words have been added after word no. 207 ("name"), since the original lengths of Swadesh lists are either 100 or 207 words. For Tutelo, reconstructed forms are marked by an asterisk (*). Pawnee, a Caddoan language, is also given for comparative purposes (the Caddoan languages are part of the hypothetical Macro-Siouan family).
List
[edit]№ | English | Siouan languages | Pawnee (heur) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lakota | Santee Dakota |
Sisseton Dakota |
Yankton-Yanktonai Dakota |
Osage | Tutelo | Crow | |||
1 | I | miyé, míš, ma-, wa-, wé-, bl-, m- |
míye, míš, wa- | henigu, mim(a), ma-, wa-, mi(n)-, wi- | bii | ||||
2 | you (singular) |
niyé, níš, ya-, yé-, l-, ni-, n- | níye | yima, ya-, yi(n)-, yukan | dii | ||||
3 | he | (hé), (0-marking) | íye | im(a) | ii, ku, koo | ||||
4 | we | uŋkíye, uŋ-, uŋk-, uŋk’- | uŋkiyepi, uŋkíye | ma'e-, wa'e-, man(k)-, mimahuk | bíilu | ||||
5 | you (plural) |
niyé, níš, ya-...pi, yé-...-pi, l-...-pi, ni-...-pi, n-...-pi |
niyepi | yimahuk, -pui, -pua | díilu | ||||
6 | they | (hená) | iyepi, iye-...-pi | imahese, -hle, -hla, -hne | íilu | ||||
7 | this | lé | dé | neke, nekin, lewa | hinné | tii- | |||
8 | that | hé, ká | hé | heke, hekin, ena, yukan | éehk, íilak, íahk | ii- | |||
9 | here | lél, léčhiya | dén, déči | káa | ney, ley, newa | hileén | tii- | ||
10 | there | hé, héčhiya, kál, kákhiya | hén, héči | šée | hewa, kowa, yaq | éehkoon, íilakaan, íahkoon | ii- | ||
11 | who | tuwá | túwe | pée | ketowa, (h)etowa | sapée | takii | ||
12 | what | táku | táku, tóken, tóna | táatą, háakǫ | (k)aken | sáapa | kirikii | ||
13 | where | tuktél, tókhiya | tukten, tókiya | howáįki | toka | shóo | kiruu | ||
14 | when | tóhaŋ, toháŋl | tohan | tokenaq | shóottaleesh | wii- | |||
15 | how | tókhel, tókheškhe | tóken, tóketu | tok, toke, etuk | shóota | kirikii, kikii | |||
16 | not | šni | šni | aží | ki-...-na, yahan | ssaa | kikii | ||
17 | all | iyúha, oyás’iŋ | iyuha, oyasiŋ, owasiŋ | záani | huk, hok | xaxúa | kituu'u' | ||
18 | many | óta | óta | ochí | ohon, ohoteka | ahú | kari | ||
19 | some | húŋȟ, eyá | oŋǧe, waŋžikši, waŋží | hépe | hawá | taku' (someone) | |||
20 | few | čónala | tónana | čónana | čóopa | kooshtá | kickuhki | ||
21 | other | uŋmá | uŋmaŋ | ą́mą | hawáta | hii- | |||
22 | one | waŋží | waŋží | wį | nons | hawáta | ásku | ||
23 | two | núŋpa | nóŋpa | ðǫǫpá | nomp | dúupa | pítku | ||
24 | three | yámni | yámni | ðáabrį | nan | dáawii | táwit | ||
25 | four | tópa | tópa | tóopa | top | shoópa | kskiiti'iks, skítiks | ||
26 | five | záptaŋ | záptaŋ | sáhtą | kisan | chíaxxu | súhuks, síhuks | ||
27 | big | tȟáŋka | táŋka | htą́ka | (i)tan, | isáa | kusu' | ||
28 | long | háŋska | háŋska | scece | henem, *stetka | háchka | kii'ac | ||
29 | wide | otȟáŋkaya | hdakiŋyaŋtaŋka, hdakiŋyaŋ, táŋkaya |
lą́ąðe | dappachí | katarihuur | |||
30 | thick | šóka | šóka | šooká | kicuucis | ||||
31 | heavy | tké | tké | skíke | dashtachí | taris (ir...) | |||
32 | small | čík'ala | čík'ada | čík'ana | čík'ana | žįká | kutska, niska' | iá | kiripacki |
33 | short | ptéčela | ptéčedaŋ | ptéčena | ptéčena | čáahpa | pummí | tarikuc | |
34 | narrow | očík’ayela | čístiŋna | wahóšce | chuá | wasii | |||
35 | thin | zizípela | zizipedaŋ | zizípena | zizípena | bréhka | hableha | packis | |
36 | woman | wíŋyaŋ | winoȟiŋča | wíŋyaŋ | wakˀó | mahe, mihen, mihan, warewa' | bía | cápaat | |
37 | man (adult male) |
wičháša | wičhášta | wičhášta | wičháša | níhka | wahtaka' | macheém, bacheé | piíta |
38 | man (human being) |
wičháša akáŋtula | wičhášta | wičhášta | níhkašie | nona, wayuwa' | bilaxpáak | caahiks | |
39 | child (a youth) |
wakȟáŋyeža | hokšiyopa, šičéča | wakȟáŋyeža | žįká | onska, niska', kutska, wagutska, wakasik | dáaka | haa | |
40 | wife | tȟawíču | thawíču | thawíču | tȟawíču | wakˀó | tamihen | uá | capaára'u |
41 | husband | hiŋgnáku | hihnáku | hihnáku | hignáku | níhka | tamank | chiláa | piitára'u |
42 | mother | iná | iná | iná | iná | iihǫ́ [his m.] | hinen, henen (my m.) | isahká, ihkáa | cuustar'u |
43 | father | até | até | até | até | iðáce [his f.] | eyat [his f.] | iilápxe, axée | |
44 | animal | wamákȟaškaŋ | wamakhaškaŋ | wamakhaškaŋ | wamakȟaškaŋ | wacúhta | bíhka (female) | rahúraahki | |
45 | fish | hoǧáŋ | hoǧáŋ | hoǧáŋ | hoǧáŋ | hó | wihoq, bisoka | buá | kaciiki |
46 | bird | ziŋtkála | zitkádaŋ | ziŋtkána | ziŋtkána | wažį́ka | mayink, *man | dakáaka | rikucki |
47 | dog | šúŋka | šúŋka | šúŋka | šúŋka | šǫ́ke | chunk, chonk, chongo, tsunk, nonts | bishká | asaaki |
48 | louse | héya | héya | héya | héya | hée | beé | pic | |
49 | snake | zuzéča | zuzuhečedaŋ, wamduška | zuzéča | wécˀa | wagen, handon | iáxassaa | rutpaacat | |
50 | worm | waglúla | wabdúdaŋ | wabdúna | wagdúna | htamá | piíruus | ||
51 | tree | čháŋ | čháŋ | čháŋ | čháŋ | žą́ą | miyen', wiyen, oni | balapáale | haak- |
52 | forest | čhúŋšoke, čhúŋtheȟike | čhóŋtaŋka | čhúŋšoke | są́ą, žą́ą | tahka, maqiga | kaátuhaaru', kahuraaru' | ||
53 | stick (of wood) |
čháŋ | čháŋ | čháŋ | čháŋ | žą́ąxe | hankshik, oknashik, wanjek | rakis, rakíripahki | |
54 | fruit | waskúyeča, watȟókeča | waskúyeča | waskúyeča | waskúyeča | waskúe | táhawaaki' | ||
55 | seed | sú | sú | sú | sú | súu | do, *su | rákiriiku' | |
56 | leaf | waȟpé, wápe | apé | waȟpé, wápe | žąąpé | oto' | áapa | kskiikaraaku' | |
57 | root | čhaŋhútkȟaŋ | hútkhaŋ | hútkhaŋ | čhaŋhútkȟaŋ | žą́ą kˀą | wayugen | kápaahcu' | |
58 | bark (of tree) |
čhaŋhá | čhaŋhá | čhaŋhá | čhaŋhá | hį́įce | qapi, yohin' | raákickuusu', rákataatu' | |
59 | flower | waȟčá, wanáȟča | waȟčá | waȟčá | wanáȟča | laaská | wahiye | raritkaraaku' | |
60 | grass | pȟeží | wathó, pheží | pheží | pȟeží | hpéže | sunktagi | bikkáa | hiiru' |
61 | rope | wíkȟaŋ | wíkhaŋ | wíkhaŋ | wíkȟaŋ | waquk (string, cord) | dasshía | haas-, haski | |
62 | skin (of a person) |
há | há | há | há | xúhaa | daxxípi | ckuusu' | |
63 | meat (as in flesh) |
tȟaló | thadó | thadó | tȟadó | htáa | wayuqtik, gwayutik | aluulí, ilúk | kísaacki |
64 | blood | wé | wé | wé | wé | wabiⁿ | wayi | íili | paatu' |
65 | bone | hohú | huhú | huhú | huhú | wahu, waho | hulí | kiisu' | |
66 | fat (noun) |
wašíŋ | šiŋ | wašíŋ | wašíŋ | shiⁿ | taláa | ahitki | |
67 | egg | wítka | wítka | wítka | wítka | báṭa | pos | ihká | ripiiku' |
68 | horn | hé | hé | hé | hé | hé | tabike, *he | paariiku' | |
69 | tail | siŋté | siŋté | siŋté | siŋté | çiⁿ´dse | *sont | chíisa | ritkuta |
70 | feather (rather not down) |
wíyake | wíyaka | wíyaka | wíyaka | hiitu' | |||
71 | hair | pȟehíŋ, híŋ | pahíŋ, híŋ | pȟehíŋ | paha | naton', nanton', *(pa)hin | isshií | uúsu' | |
72 | head | natá, pȟá | phá | natá, pȟá | p̣a | pasuye, *pa | aashúu | paksu' | |
73 | ear | núŋǧe, nakpá | núŋǧe, nakpá | núŋǧe, nakpá | núŋǧe, nakpá | nahtah | nahoq, nahoh, naqoq | ahpá | ítkahaaru' |
74 | eye | ištá | ištá | ištá | ištá | ehtah | tasu | ishtá | kíriiku' |
75 | nose | pȟasú | phasú | phasú | pȟasú | pah | paqte | apá | cúsu' |
76 | mouth | í | í | í | í | iha | ih | íi | haaka'u' |
77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
hí | hí | hí | hí | iha | ih | ií | aaru' |
78 | tongue | čheží | čheží | čheží | čheží | ðéze | nechi, lechi | déeshi | haátu' |
79 | fingernail | napšáke, wičhášake | napsukaza šáke | shagahah | chuchag, tsutsak | itáxpuu | aspiitu' | ||
80 | foot | sí | sí | sí | sí | sih | ishi | ichí | asu' |
81 | leg | hú | hú | hú | hú | yeksa; mini (my l.) | iihulí, dáata (calf) | kaásu' | |
82 | knee | čhaŋkpé | hupáhu | čhaŋkpé | shinoⁿ´dse | ishúushi | paakiisu' | ||
83 | hand | napé | napé | napé | napé | shagah | hak | isché | iksu' |
84 | wing | ȟupáhu | ȟupáhu | ȟupáhu | ȟupáhu | iáxpa | raaritpiiru' | ||
85 | belly | thezí, ikpí | thezí, ikpí | thezí, ikpí | thezí, ikpí | ṭséçe | sementa | eelá, íishpuua | karaaru' |
86 | guts | šupé | šupé | šupé | šupé | shíbe | shíipa | riícu' | |
87 | neck | tȟahú | thahú | thahú | tȟahú | tahu | tase | áapa, ahpá | kiícu' |
88 | back | čhuwí | tapete | čhuwí | dúule | ríctaaku', taátu' | |||
89 | breast | makhú | makhú | makhú | makhú | moⁿ´ge | *masa | áache | iítu' |
90 | heart | čhaŋté | čhaŋté | čhaŋté | čhaŋté | noⁿ´dse | yant | daasá | piícu' |
91 | liver | phí | phí | phí | phí | hpí | tapi | apté | kariíku' |
92 | to drink | yatkÁŋ, wayátkAŋ, yaȟépA | yatkÁŋ, wayátkaŋ, yaȟépA | yatkÁŋ, wayátkaŋ, yaȟépA | yatkÁŋ, wayátkaŋ, yaȟépA | watháṭoⁿ | (o)lakpe | isshíi | kiikaa |
93 | to eat | yútA, wótA, tȟebyÁ, watȟébyA | yútA, wótA, thebyÁ, wathébyA | yútA, wótA, thebyÁ, wathébyA | yútA, wótA, tȟebyÁ, watȟébyA | wanumbra | walut, (i)luta, luti, ruti | duushí | wa'ac |
94 | to bite | yaȟtákA, wayáȟtakA | yaȟtákA, wayaȟtakA | yaȟtákA, wayaȟtakA | yaȟtákA, wayaȟtakA | thaxúe | olashke, (i)latkusha | dáashia, dáapxi (animal) | ka'uc |
95 | to suck | yaǧópA | yazoka | yaǧópA | yaǧópA | dáaxuchi | kituus | ||
96 | to spit | tȟaǧóša | thaǧóša | thaǧóša | tȟaǧóša | shuá | hawat | ||
97 | to vomit | glépA | hdépA | hdépA | gdépA | gthébe | kiksuq | kalée | rahkata'a |
98 | to blow (as wind) |
tȟaté | póȟiyeya, bobdu | thaté | tȟaté | bíxoⁿ | bequn | huutuhwica (ir...) | |
99 | to breathe | niyÁ | niyÁ | niyÁ | niyÁ | nióⁿ | hiksta'a (ir...) | ||
100 | to laugh | iȟát’A | iȟá | íxa | inkseh, inksheha | káa | awask | ||
101 | to see | waŋyáŋkA | waŋyáka | waŋyáŋkA | waŋyáŋkA | ine, oqata, waqeta | íkaa | eerit | |
102 | to hear | naȟ’úŋ | naȟ’úŋ | naȟ’úŋ | naȟ’úŋ | noⁿkʔoⁿ | iikukkú | atka'uk | |
103 | to know (a fact) |
slolyÁ | sdonyÁ | sdodyÁ | sdodyÁ | onshpe | éhche | iita | |
104 | to think | iyúkčaŋ, kéčhiŋ, ečhíŋ, awíyukčaŋ | awáčhiŋ, ečhíŋ | iyúkčaŋ, awíyukčaŋ, kéčhiŋ, ečhíŋ | ázhiⁿ, e´the | (ki)konspe, opemiha | hiliachi | wickaa | |
105 | to smell (sense odor) |
ómna | ómna, mna | ómna | ómna | uwalahaha, *pin | kahaara (ut...) | ||
106 | to fear | kȟokípȟA | khokíphA | khokíphA | kȟokípȟA | riru (uur...) | |||
107 | to sleep | ištíŋmA | ištíŋmA | ištíŋmA | ištíŋmA | žą́ | hiyan | iháwi | itka |
108 | to live | ní | ní | ní | ní | nį | ti, inina-gine | bilaxpáake | kus |
109 | to die | t’Á | t’Á | t’Á | t’Á | cʔe | ochonka, tey(olaha) | hurahac, kuut | |
110 | to kill | kté | kté | kté | kté | ṭs’éthe | kite, la(ka)tskiha | dappeé | kuutik |
111 | to fight | khízA | khízA | khízA | khízA | áḳitha | apak | ||
112 | to hunt (transitive) |
tȟátȟe, wakhúl yÁ, wayé | ode, ihni, wanase, wotihni | paariisat | |||||
113 | to hit | ó, apȟÁ | apa | ó, apȟÁ | kohinank-he, kite | dichí | tahik | ||
114 | to cut | kaksÁ, yuksÁ, paksÁ, waksÁ | kaksÁ, baksÁ | kaksÁ, yuksÁ, paksÁ, baksÁ | kaksÁ, yuksÁ, paksÁ, baksÁ | ága | olashpe, lakashpe, la(ka)tkusha, kati | páshku | kacak |
115 | to split | kasléčA | kasdéčA | kasdéčA | kasdéčA | gaxthége, stsége | lakasha, kati (chop) | dappaxí; dútatchi (chop) | rahkaka'us |
116 | to stab (or stick) |
čhapȟÁ | čhaphÁ | čhaphÁ | čhapȟÁ | zhápshe | icakuusk (ut...) | ||
117 | to scratch (an itch) |
yuk’éǧA | yuk’oga | yuk’éǧA | ilachke, konaqlota | dúukaaxi, dúhkapi | tapirat | ||
118 | to dig | k’Á | k’Á | k’Á | k’Á | ḳ’e | dappaxí | huuhatawuh | |
119 | to swim | nuŋwÁŋ | niwáŋ | nuŋwÁŋ | nímoⁿ | ina | bíiwi | hasa | |
120 | to fly | kiŋyÁŋ | kiŋyÁŋ | kiŋyÁŋ | kiŋyÁŋ | gioⁿ´ | u'a (ir...) | ||
121 | to walk | máni | máni | máni | máni | mąðí | opa, yala | díili; dée (to go) | at, war, wuu |
122 | to come | ú, hí, glí, kú | ú, hí, hdí, kú | ú, hí, hdí, kú | ú, hí, gdí, kú | hü | ho, hi, hala, qala, (a)la, ile | húu | a (ir...) |
123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
ȟpáyA, yuŋkÁ | ȟpáyA, waŋkÁ | xapí, iluxxúa | uuc, tacta, tiisa | ||||
124 | to sit | yaŋkÁ | yaŋka, íyotaŋka | (mah)ananka, nancheka | awáachi | kus, wihak | |||
125 | to stand | nážiŋ | nážiŋ | noⁿzhiⁿ | (o)nenhe | iluú | arik | ||
126 | to turn (change direction) |
kawíŋǧA | kawíŋǧa | baḳúwiⁿxe | apitaarahak (ut...) | ||||
127 | to fall (as in drop) |
hiŋȟpáyA | hiŋȟpáya | hip'e | himpa | u'a (ir...), ukuk | |||
128 | to give | k’ú | k’ú | kʔǘ | (a)go, ogo | kuú | uuh | ||
129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
oyúspA | oyúspa | *ske | ahuk (ut...) | ||||
130 | to squeeze | yušlí, -škičA | t’iŋsa yúza, -skiča | awaacic | |||||
131 | to rub | pawíŋtA | pakíŋta | áxxaxxi | ritawi'at | ||||
132 | to wash | yužáža | yužáža | kuluja | íisshuwi | hiikara'uk (ur...) | |||
133 | to wipe | pakhíŋtA | pakíŋta | rikatawihak | |||||
134 | to pull | yutítaŋ | yutítaŋ | ludi | dakaá | awiciihkuk | |||
135 | to push | patítaŋ | pataŋ, patítaŋ | ohinhne | páachile | kuuca'is | |||
136 | to throw | kaȟ’ól | kaȟoiyeya | awarik | |||||
137 | to tie | kaškÁ | kaška | olohi | daxchí | tawuh | |||
138 | to sew | kaǧéǧe | kaǧéǧe | yeho(ha), ihoha | chikáachi | icakuusk | |||
139 | to count | yawá | yawá | yilanaha | chimmí | kitawuh | |||
140 | to say | eyÁ | éya | hahe | he, sheé | taka'u | |||
141 | to sing | lowáŋ | dowáŋ | yameniye, *hadon | dáawee, baláxi | raara'uk, kata'iir | |||
142 | to play | škátA | škáta | iiwaannía | kusisaar | ||||
143 | to float | okáǧA | ókapota, ókaȟboka | ugre | huucakusaa'at | ||||
144 | to flow | kalúzA | kadúza | kiicu'at | |||||
145 | to freeze | osní šíčA | tasagya, tasaka | arac | |||||
146 | to swell | pó | pó | huuta'a (ir...) | |||||
147 | sun | wí, aŋpétu wí | wí, aŋpetuwi | min | áxxaashe | sakuru' | |||
148 | moon | haŋwí | haŋwí | mimahe, minosa' | bilítaachiia | paa | |||
149 | star | wičháȟpi | wičhaŋȟpi | tabuninchka | ihká | huupírit | |||
150 | water | mní | miní, mní | meni | bilí | kiicu' | |||
151 | rain | maǧážu | maǧážu | qawo' | xalaá | cuhuuru' | |||
152 | river | wakpá | wakpá | wanchiskah | takse, taksita | áashi | kicka | ||
153 | lake | blé | mdé | bdé | yeten | kiwahaaru' | |||
154 | sea (as in ocean) |
mniwáŋča | miniwáŋča | yetan | kiwahaar | ||||
155 | salt | mniskúya | miniskúya | machigonyon | awa-xóosa | ka'it | |||
156 | stone | íŋyaŋ | íŋyaŋ | nistek, histek | bií, baáhpa | a'wiwii'a | |||
157 | sand | čhasmú | čhasmú | kíwiktu' | |||||
158 | dust | makȟáblu | makamdu | makȟábdu | puxxké | itkaaru' | |||
159 | earth (as in soil) |
makȟá | makhá | makȟá | aman(i) | awá | huraaru' | ||
160 | cloud | maȟpíya | maȟpiya | maqosi | ahpaaxá | cka'u' | |||
161 | fog | p’ó | minip’o | manotihu (foggy) | pihuu'u' | ||||
162 | sky | maȟpíya, maȟpíya tȟó | maȟpíyatho | mahah | manton' | awaahaksu' | |||
163 | wind (as in breeze) |
tȟaté | thaté | tȟaté | maminkle, maminkre, mangre | huutawirihuur | |||
164 | snow | wá | wá | hohiye | bíia | huraa'u' | |||
165 | ice | čháǧa | čháǧa | nonha | nonq, mingirachah | bulúxa | raasiitu' | ||
166 | smoke | šóta | šóta | alákkuaa | raawiisu' | ||||
167 | fire | pȟéta | phéta | pȟéta | pajah | p'ech | alápee, biláa | taruuc | |
168 | ash | čhaȟóta | čaȟóta | alapok | karaatuuhcu' | ||||
169 | to burn (intransitive) |
ilé | idé | inawsinga | kahuurik | aláxii | |||
170 | road | čhaŋkú | čaŋkú, očaŋkú | hentkoq | alía | hatuur- | |||
171 | mountain | ȟé | ȟé, pahataŋka | shuq, oheka | awaxaawé | waawikii'ac, paa'u' | |||
172 | red | šá | šá | shugah | achut', achuti | híssha | pahaat | ||
173 | green | tȟó, tȟózi, ziyátȟo | tó, ziyato | oto'lakon | bimmaáhchiia | taree'uus | |||
174 | yellow | zí | zí | sihah | si | shíila | rahkataar | ||
175 | white | ská, sáŋ | ská | skah | asan, aseni | chía | taakaar | ||
176 | black | sápA | sápa | saba | asep', rahoni | shipíta | kaatiit | ||
177 | night | haŋhépi | haŋyetu | haŋhépi | osi | hiirisu' | |||
178 | day (daytime) |
aŋpétu | aŋpétu | aŋpa | hompahe | nahamp | maapá, baapí | saak- | |
179 | year | ómakȟa, waníyetu | ómaka, waníyetu | rikátihaaru' | |||||
180 | warm (as in weather) |
okȟátA | káta | akateka, akatiya | tawée (hot) | awirit | |||
181 | cold (as in weather) |
osní | sni, osní | sani | chilía | raawaasit | |||
182 | full | ožúla | ožúdaŋ | iaxpáshi | kaawakit | ||||
183 | new | tȟéča | téča | tiiraraa | |||||
184 | old | káŋ, tȟaŋníla | ehaŋna, káŋ | hohka | xaalía | pakuu'at, pakuuht | |||
185 | good | wašté | wašté | (e)bi, (e)pi, api, ipi, biken | ítche | hiir | |||
186 | bad | šíčA | šíča | okayek(iken), kayik, *isi' | |||||
187 | rotten (as, a log) |
puŋpúŋ | poŋpóŋ | raahuur, kawuu'at | |||||
188 | dirty | šápA | šápa | íaxxaaxii | aciicis (ut...) | ||||
189 | straight | owótȟaŋla | owótaŋna | paasaat | |||||
190 | round | gmigméla | hmiyaŋyaŋ | bush, walikaskunq | chichiáxi | riwiruu | |||
191 | sharp (as a knife) |
pȟé | pé | attá | icka'u | ||||
192 | dull (as a knife) |
t’ózA | ot’óza | katahiis | |||||
193 | smooth | stoyéla | šdušduta, stosto | intkus | xáapi (flat) | kiiriks | |||
194 | wet | spáyA | spáya | kipaar | |||||
195 | dry (adjective) |
púzA | púza | úuchi | taahiis | ||||
196 | right (correct) |
wíčákȟA | wičáka, owotaŋna | ontse (to be real, true) | kaáshi, táa(hi)li | uúrariisit | |||
197 | near | khiyéla | kiyédaŋ, ikiyédaŋ | kaŋyéla | aska, inkte | áhta | tahurar | ||
198 | far | tȟéhaŋl | téhan, téhantu | henem (to be f.) | awateé | ii'uut | |||
199 | right (side) |
išláyataŋhaŋ | akapataŋhaŋ | oŋspeapataŋhan | piihkáwi'u' (arm) | ||||
200 | left (side) |
čhatkáyataŋhaŋ | čatka, napečatka | kúsaksi' | |||||
201 | at | ektá, él | ektá | -ya | htée, chiisaa, ko, n | ||||
202 | in | ogná, mahél | ohná, mahén | agine | n | kaa- | |||
203 | with (accompanying) |
kičhí, ób | kičí, om, oŋ | -ya | aák | ||||
204 | and | na | k’a | k’a | na | nigas | laa | hii | |
205 | if | háŋtaŋš, héči | kiŋhaŋ, héčiŋhaŋ | li- | |||||
206 | because | ičhíŋ | nakaš | dakaš | ii, dassheen | kaátu' | |||
207 | name | čhažé | čažé | dáashi | hisaask | ||||
208 | house | thípi | típi | tiyah | ati | ashí, awaasúu | akaaru' | ||
209 | wall | thitȟáhephiya | tibosdata | ashhéelahke | uukatahaaru' | ||||
210 | deer | tȟáȟča | táȟča | wita' | úuxa | taa | |||
211 | mouse | itȟúŋkala | hituŋkadaŋ | chiwáwuuli | iírikis | ||||
212 | rabbit | maštíŋčala | maštíŋča | tanyonyaha | iischí | párus | |||
213 | eagle | waŋblí | waŋmdí | déaxkaash, dúuptakoische |
riítahkaac | ||||
214 | spider | itkómi | uŋktomi | caciks | |||||
215 | face | ité | ité | taluken, te | iisá | cka'u' | |||
216 | body | tȟaŋčháŋ | taŋčáŋ | yuqtik, tesi | axúa | taríkta'u' | |||
217 | navel | čhekpá | čekpadoka | istéhpa | ríwaacu' | ||||
218 | finger | napsú, napsúkaza | napsúkaza | hak | ishkulí | ikskiicu' | |||
219 | sick (painful) |
wayázaŋ | wayazaŋka | waginoma | raata'u (painful) | ||||
220 | needle | tȟahíŋšpa čík’ala | tahíŋšpačík’adaŋ | siistitpaat | |||||
221 | clothing | hayápi, oígluze | heyake | opoqe (coat) | baaaxuássee | raápi'u' | |||
222 | thunder | wakíŋyaŋ | wakiŋyaŋhotoŋ | tuhi | suú | kirir | |||
223 | lightning | wakȟáŋgli | wakaŋhdi | tabunitska, kopaksekse | paawaapicisu' | ||||
224 | above | waŋkáta | waŋkan | áaka | ackat | ||||
225 | below | khúta, hukhúta, oȟláthe | kúya, ihukuya, ókaȟ | biaxsáa (under) | uktata- | ||||
226 | to cough | hoȟpÁ | hoȟpa | acikcak | |||||
227 | to buy | opȟétȟuŋ | opetoŋ | kilomiha | íaschili | paapuh | |||
228 | to choose | kaȟníǧA, pahí | kaȟníǧa, čiŋ | chilakappí | kusik | ||||
229 | to grow | ičháǧA | ičáǧa | apáali | tatpaa (plants), uuspaa (hair) | ||||
230 | to open | yuǧáŋ (with hand) | yuǧáŋ | lupet | ara- | ||||
231 | to steal | manúŋ | manoŋ | manoma, ilusha | ataalí | ta'uut | |||
232 | to dream | iháŋblA | wíhaŋmna | itki (ut...) | |||||
233 | to cry | čhéyA | čéya | qaka | chíaxi, íiwe | kikak | |||
234 | to yawn | iyóyA | iyówa | haakiiwaaks | |||||
235 | to cook | lol’íȟ’aŋ | ohaŋ, špaŋyaŋ, wohaŋ | óosshee | arasik | ||||
236 | six | šákpe | šákpe | šápe | agasp, akasp | áka, akaawá | kskiksaapic | ||
237 | seven | šakówiŋ | šakowiŋ | péðǫǫpa | sagom | sáhpua | pitkusiksaapic | ||
238 | eight | šaglóǧaŋ | šahdoǧaŋ | šakdoǧaŋ | kiétoopa | palan | dúupahpi | tawiksaapic | |
239 | nine | napčíyuŋka | napčiwaŋka | gðébðǫ tse wį ðįge | ksank | hawátahpi | ruksiriiwaara | ||
240 | ten | wikčémna | wikčemna | gðébðǫ | puchk | piláka | ruksiri' |
Sources
[edit]- New Lakota Dictionary. Ullrich, Jan F, ed. Lakota Language Consortium, 2008.
- An English-Dakota Dictionary. Williamson, J. P. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1992.
- Osage Dictionary. Quintero, Carolyn. University of Oklahoma Press, 2009.
- A Grammar of Crow: Apsáalooke Aliláau. Graczyk, Randolph. University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
- Dictionary of the Crow language. Reed, George. Thesis. 1975. M.S. — Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Foreign Literatures and Linguistics.
- Tutelo (Yesanechi) Etymological Lexicon. Meuse, William. Netsanet, 2010.
- A Dictionary of Skiri Pawnee. Douglas R. Parks and Lula Nora Pratt. University of Nebraska Press, 2008.
- Comparative Siouan Dictionary. Rankin, Robert L. & Carter, Richard T. & Jones, A. Wesley & Koontz, John E. & Rood, David S. & Hartmann, Iren (eds.) 2015.