मा

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Garhwali

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Verb

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मा () (transitive)

  1. have
    मेमा यअक किताब न्ही च।
    me yaak kitāb nhī ca.
    I don't have a book.

Nepali

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Sanskrit मध्य (madhya), cognate with Hindi में (mẽ).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [mä]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: मा

Postposition

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मा ()

  1. in, at, on

Newar

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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मा (? (Newa Spelling 𑐩𑐵)

  1. plant

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Indo-Aryan *maH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁ (prohibitive particle). Cognate with Albanian mo (do not), Ancient Greek μή (mḗ, not, do not), Old Armenian մի (mi, no, not), Avestan 𐬨𐬁 (), Old Persian 𐎶𐎠 (m-a /⁠mā⁠/) (whence Persian مـ (ma-)).[1]

    Particle

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    मा (mā́)

    1. don't (prohibitive particle)
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.5.10:
        मा नो॒ मर्ता॑ अ॒भि द्रु॑हन्।
        त॒नूना॑मिंद्र गिर्वणः।
        ईशा॑नो यवया व॒धम्॥
        mā́ no mártā abhí druhan
        tanū́nām indra girvaṇaḥ
        ī́śāno yavayā vadhám
        O Indra, thou who lovest song,
        do not let any man hurt our bodies.
        Keep slaughter far from us for thou canst.
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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    Shortened from माम् (mā́m).

    Pronoun

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    मा ()

    1. (enclitic) accusative singular of अहम् (ahám)

    Etymology 3

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      Onomatopoeic; compare मय (maya, horse) and मयु (mayu, antelope, deer), which are probably connected to the root, as well as similar formations throughout Indo-European such as Ancient Greek μῐνῠρῐ́ζω (minurízō, to whimper, warble).[2]

      Root

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      मा ()

      1. to sound, bellow, bleat
      Derived terms
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      Primary Verbal Forms
      Non-Finite Forms
      Derived Nominal Forms

      Etymology 4

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        Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *maH-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH-, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (to measure).[3]

        Root

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        मा ()

        1. to measure
        Derived terms
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        Primary Verbal Forms
        Secondary Forms
        Non-Finite Forms
        Derived Nominal Forms
        Prefixed Root Forms
        Descendants
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        Etymology 5

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        From the above root.

        Noun

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        मा () stemf (root मा)

        1. measure
        2. authority
        3. light
        4. knowledge
        5. binding, fettering
        6. death
        Declension
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        Feminine ā-stem declension of मा (mā́)
        Singular Dual Plural
        Nominative माः
        mā́ḥ
        मौ / मा¹
        maú / mā́¹
        माः
        mā́ḥ
        Vocative माः
        mā́ḥ
        मौ / मा¹
        maú / mā́¹
        माः
        mā́ḥ
        Accusative माम्
        mā́m
        मौ / मा¹
        maú / mā́¹
        माः / मः²
        mā́ḥ / máḥ²
        Instrumental मा
        mā́
        माभ्याम्
        mā́bhyām
        माभिः
        mā́bhiḥ
        Dative मे
        माभ्याम्
        mā́bhyām
        माभ्यः
        mā́bhyaḥ
        Ablative मः
        máḥ
        माभ्याम्
        mā́bhyām
        माभ्यः
        mā́bhyaḥ
        Genitive मः
        máḥ
        मोः
        móḥ
        मानाम् / माम्²
        mā́nām / mā́m²
        Locative मि
        मोः
        móḥ
        मासु
        mā́su
        Notes
        • ¹Vedic
        • ²Perhaps

        References

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        1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 343
        2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 341
        3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 341-3