Wiktionary:Nepali transliteration

These are the rules concerning transliteration in Nepali entries.

Wiktionary's system for the transliteration of Devanagari for Nepali uses the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) system with a few modications. The changes from the IAST standard are meant for convenience.

Consonants

Wiktionary standard transliteration for Nepali

		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
glottal	deva.									ह
	trans.									h
	IPA									[ɦ]
velar	deva.	क	ख	ग	घ	ङ
	trans.	k	kh	g	gh	ṅ
	IPA	[k]	[kʰ]	[g]	[gʱ]	[ŋ]
palatal	deva.						य
	trans.						y
	IPA						[j]
retroflex	deva.	ट	ठ	ड	ढ	ण
	trans.	ṭ	ṭh	ḍ	ḍh	ṇ
	IPA	[ʈ]	[ʈʰ]	[ɖ]	[ɖʱ]	[ɳ]/[ɽ̃]
alveolar	deva.	च	छ	ज	झ	ञ/न	र	ल	श	ष	स
	trans.	c	ch	j	jh	ñ/n	r	l	ś	ṣ	s
	IPA	[t͡s]	[t͡sʰ]	[d͡z]	[d͡zʱ]	[n]	[r]	[l]	[s]	[s]	[s]
dental	deva.	त	थ	द	ध
	trans.	t	th	d	dh
	IPA	[t̪]	[t̪ʰ]	[d̪]	[d̪ʱ]
labial	deva.	प	फ	ब	भ	म	व
	trans.	p	ph	b	bh	m	w/v
	IPA	[p]	[pʰ]	[b]	[bʱ]	[m]	[w]/[b]

Vowels

		1	2	3	4	5	6
short	independent	अ	इ	उ	ऋ	ए	ओ
	diacritic	inherent	ि	ु	ृ	े	ो
	trans.	a	i	u	r̥	e	o
	IPA	[ʌ]	[i]	[u]	[ri]	[e]	[o]
long	independent	आ	ई	ऊ		ऐ	औ
	diacritic	ा	ी	ू		ै	ौ
	trans.	ā	ī	ū		ai	au
	IPA	[a]	[i]	[u]		[ʌi̯]	[ʌu̯]

Nasalization

The nasal diacritic ं (̃) (अनुस्वार, anusvāra) is transliterated according to its context in a word. The consonant immediately following the nasal diacritic determines exactly how the transliteration will occur.

• If a word ends with the anusvāra, ṃ is added to the end, e.g. तपाईं = tapāīṃ
• If a consonant follows the anusvāra, the transliteration of the consonant's corresponding nasal consonant follows.

1. Velars (क, ख, ग, घ), glottal (ह), and alveolars (श) will use ṅ (for ङ)
2. Alveolars (च, छ, ज, झ) will use ñ (for ञ)
3. Dentals (त, थ, द, ध) and alveolars (न ष स) will use n (for न)
4. Retroflex consonants (ट, ठ, ड, ढ) will use ṇ (for ण)
5. Labials (प, फ, ब, भ, म, व), palatal (य), and alveolar (र, ल) will use m (for म)

The nasal diacritic ँ (̃) (चन्द्रबिन्दु, candrabindu) is transliterated as a tilde diacritic (̃) above the nasalized vowel.

Other

• The character ज्ञ, which is a ligature of ज and ञ, while typically transliterated "jñ" in Sanskrit is transliterated "gy" for Nepali.

• Halanta symbol ् is used for deletion of default vowel a.
• Visarga symbol ः is transliterated as "ḥ" as in स्वतः (svataḥ) and अतः (ataḥ).

• Nuqtas

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
Deva.	क़	ख़	ग़	ज़	श़/झ़	फ़	ड़	ढ़	थ़	द़	ऴ	ऱ	व़
trans.	q	x	ġ	z	ž	f	ṛ	ṛh	θ	ð	ḻ	ṟ	V
IPA	[q]	[x]	[ɣ]	[z]	[ʒ]	[f]	[ɽ]	[ɽʱ]	[θ]	[ð]	[ɭ]	[ɹ]	[v]

See also

• Module:ne-translit