Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₁-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

A phonetical variant of *med- through the "Kortlandt effect", which posits that *d becomes *h₁ under certain conditions.^[1]

Root

*meh₁-^[2]^[3]^[4]

to measure

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meh₁- (40 c, 0 e)

*mi-méh₁-ti ~ *mi-mh₁-énti (reduplicated present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mimáHti ~ *mimHati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mimáHti ~ *mimHati
    - Sanskrit: मिमाति (mímāti)
    - Sanskrit: मिमीते (mímīte)
  - Proto-Iranian: *mimáHtī
    - ⇒ Old Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬍𐬨𐬀𐬚𐬁 (framīmaθā, 2pl. ind./subj.)
*meh₁-lo- (“measurement, time”)
- Proto-Germanic: *mēlą (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: (se)mel
*mḗh₁-n̥-s^[5] (perhaps)
*meh₁-on- ~ *meh₁-en-^[6]
- Proto-Anatolian: *mǣ́(y)an-
  - Hittite: [script needed] (mē(i̯)an-, “‘range (of a year), extent”)
*méh₁-ōs (s-stem noun) or *móh₁-s (root noun)^[7]
- >? Proto-Italic: *mōs
  - Latin: mōs (“manner, quality, custom, usage”) (see there for further descendants)
*meh₁-reh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mḗˀrāˀ
  - Proto-Slavic: *měra (see there for further descendants)
*méh₁-teh₂
- Proto-Italic: *mētā
  - Latin: mēta (see there for further descendants)
*méh₁-ti-s (“measurement”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mā́tiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mā́tiṣ
    - Sanskrit: माति (māti)
- Proto-Albanian: *māti^[8]
  - Albanian: mot
- Proto-Germanic: *mēþiz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *mḗtis
  - Ancient Greek: μῆτις (mêtis) (Aeolic, possibly Doric)
- Proto-Italic: *mētis
  - ⇒ Latin: mētior^[4] (denominative) (see there for further descendants)
*méh₁-tro-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mā́tram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mā́tram
    - Sanskrit: मात्र (mātra, from the collective)
      - → Bengali: মাত্র (matro)
      - → Hindi: मात्र (mātra)
      - → Kannada: ಮಾತ್ರ (mātra)
      - → Malayalam: മാത്രം (mātraṁ)
      - → Marathi: मात्र (mātra)
      - → Tamil: மாத்திரம் (māttiram)
      - → Telugu: మాత్రం (mātraṁ)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μέτρον (métron) (see there for further descendants)
*m̥h₁-n̥t-ih₂
- Proto-Celtic: *mantī
  - Proto-Brythonic: *mėnt
    - Breton: ment
    - Cornish: myns
    - Welsh: maint
  - Old Irish: méit
    - Irish: méid, méad
    - Scottish Gaelic: meud
    - Manx: mooad
  - Gaulish: *mantī
    - → Old French: maint
      - Middle French: maint
        French: maint (archaic)
*mh₁-t-yé-ti
- Proto-Albanian: *matja^[9]
  - Albanian: mat (Gheg)
  - Albanian: mas (Tosk)
*moh₁-ro-s
- Proto-Celtic: *māros (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *mōrós
  - Ancient Greek: -μωρος (-mōros)
*móh₁-yo-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: मेय (méya)
      - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀅 (mea), 𑀫𑁂𑀚𑁆𑀚 (mejja)
        Marathi: मेज (mej)
        ⇒ Marathi: मेजणे (mejṇe)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - >? Hittite: 𒍖𒈨𒄯 (meḫur, “time”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Old Lithuanian: mestas (“measure, limit”)
    - Lithuanian: mãtas (“measure, index; size, quantity”), mẽtas (“time, period; measure, size, quantity”)
  - Latvian: mȩts (“time, period”)
  - Old Prussian: mattei (“measure”), mettan (“year”), metthe, mette
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: असमाति (asamāti)

References

^ Garnier, Romain (2014) “Nouvelles réflexions sur l’effet-Kortlandt”, in Glotta‎^[1] (in French), volume 90, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 140-160
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*meh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 424
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mētior, -īrī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 377
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mēnsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “mē(i̯)an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 569–571
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mōs, mōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390
^ Vladimir Orel, Albanian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 274–5.
^ Vladimir Orel, Albanian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 246–7.

[1] Garnier, Romain (2014) “Nouvelles réflexions sur l’effet-Kortlandt”, in Glotta‎^[1] (in French), volume 90, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 140-160

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*meh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 424

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[De-4] 4.0 ^4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mētior, -īrī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 377

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mēnsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373

[6] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “mē(i̯)an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 569–571

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mōs, mōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

[8] Vladimir Orel, Albanian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 274–5.

[9] Vladimir Orel, Albanian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 246–7.

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Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Root

Derived terms

Further reading

References