नदी

See also: नाद and नींद

Bhojpuri

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नदी (nadī). Doublet of नद्दी (naddī).

Noun

नदी (nadī) f (Kaithi 𑂢𑂠𑂲)

1. river

Hindi

नदी

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /nə.d̪iː/, [nɐ.d̪iː]

• Audio:

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Noun

नदी • (nadī) f (Urdu spelling ندی)

1. (geography) river

   Synonyms: सरिता (saritā), दरिया (dariyā), नदिया (nadiyā), सरि (sari)

   बहुत देर के बाद, नदी समुद्र में गिर जाती है।

   bahut der ke bād, nadī samudra mẽ gir jātī hai.

   After a long time, the river falls into the sea.

Declension

Declension of नदी (fem ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	नदी nadī	नदियाँ nadiyā̃
oblique	नदी nadī	नदियों nadiyõ
vocative	नदी nadī	नदियो nadiyo

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “नदी”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “नदी”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “नदी”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “नदी”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘡𑘃 (naī, “river”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə.d̪i/, [nə.d̪iː]

Noun

नदी • (nadī) f

1. river

   गंगा ही भारतातील सर्वात पवित्र नदी मानली जाते.

   gaṅgā hī bhārtātīl sarvāt pavitra nadī mānlī jāte.

   The Ganga is considered to be the holiest river in India.

Declension

Declension of नदी (fem ī-stem)
direct singular	नदी nadī
direct plural	नद्या nadyā
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	नदी nadī		नद्या nadyā
oblique सामान्यरूप	नदी nadī		नद्यां- nadyān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	नदीला nadīlā		नद्यांना nadyānnā
ergative	नदीने, नदीनं nadīne, nadīna		नद्यांनी nadyānnī
instrumental	नदीशी nadīśī		नद्यांशी nadyānśī
locative सप्तमी	नदीत nadīt		नद्यांत nadyāt
vocative संबोधन	नदी nadī		नद्यांनो nadyānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of नदी (fem ī-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	नदीचा nadīċā	नदीचे nadīċe	नदीची nadīcī	नदीच्या nadīcā	नदीचे, नदीचं nadīċe, nadīċa	नदीची nadīcī	नदीच्या nadīcā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	नद्यांचा nadyānċā	नद्यांचे nadyānċe	नद्यांची nadyāñcī	नद्यांच्या nadyāncā	नद्यांचे, नद्यांचं nadyānċe, nadyānċa	नद्यांची nadyāñcī	नद्यांच्या nadyāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “नदी”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nʌd̪i]
• Phonetic Devanagari: नदि

Noun

नदी • (nadī)

1. (geography) (large) river

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• nadī (Latin script)
• 𑀦𑀤𑀻 (Brahmi script)
• নদী (Bengali script)
• නදී (Sinhalese script)
• နဒီ or နဒဳ or ၼၻီ (Burmese script)
• นที or นะที (Thai script)
• ᨶᨴᩦ (Tai Tham script)
• ນທີ or ນະທີ (Lao script)
• នទី (Khmer script)
• 𑄚𑄘𑄩 (Chakma script)

Noun

नदी f

1. Devanagari script form of nadī “river”

Declension

Declension table of "नदी" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	नदी (nadī)	नदियो (nadiyo) or नदी (nadī)
Accusative (second)	नदिं (nadiṃ) or नदियं (nadiyaṃ)	नदियो (nadiyo) or नदी (nadī)
Instrumental (third)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीहि (nadīhi) or नदीभि (nadībhi)
Dative (fourth)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीनं (nadīnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीहि (nadīhi) or नदीभि (nadībhi)
Genitive (sixth)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीनं (nadīnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	नदिया (nadiyā) or नदियं (nadiyaṃ)	नदीसु (nadīsu)
Vocative (calling)	नदि (nadi)	नदियो (nadiyo) or नदी (nadī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• নদী (Assamese script)
• ᬦᬤᬷ (Balinese script)
• নদী (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰟𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀤𑀻 (Brahmi script)
• နဒီ (Burmese script)
• નદી (Gujarati script)
• ਨਦੀ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌨𑌦𑍀 (Grantha script)
• ꦤꦢꦷ (Javanese script)
• 𑂢𑂠𑂲 (Kaithi script)
• ನದೀ (Kannada script)
• នទី (Khmer script)
• ນທີ (Lao script)
• നദീ (Malayalam script)
• ᠨᠠᡩᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘡𑘟𑘲 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠠᢑᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧁𑦿𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐡𑐷 (Newa script)
• ନଦୀ (Odia script)
• ꢥꢣꢷ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆢𑆵 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖟𑖱 (Siddham script)
• නදී (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩯𑩭𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚝𑚛𑚯 (Takri script)
• நதீ³ (Tamil script)
• నదీ (Telugu script)
• นที (Thai script)
• ན་དཱི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒠𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨝𑨛𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) +‎ *-íh₂. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍𐬨 (anaⁱδīm, “across a river”). Possibly related to Ancient Greek Νέδα (Néda, name of a river), Middle Low German Nette (name of a river).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /nɐ.díː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /n̪ɐ.d̪iː/

Noun

नदी • (nadī́) stem, f

1. flowing water, river
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.55.7:

     न पर्व॑ता॒ न न॒द्यो॑ वरन्त वो॒ यत्राचि॑ध्वं मरुतो॒ गच्छ॒थेदु॒ तत्।
     उ॒त द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी या॑थना॒ परि॒ शुभं॑ या॒तामनु॒ रथा॑ अवृत्सत॥

     ná párvatā ná nadyò varanta vo yátrā́cidhvaṃ maruto gácchathédu tát.
     utá dyā́vāpṛthivī́ yāthanā pári śúbhaṃ yātā́mánu ráthā avṛtsata.

     Let not the mountains, let not the rivers, arrest you; whither you purpose, Maruts, thither repair, and compass heaven and earth; may the cars of the quick-moving Maruts arrive for our good.

2. (poetry) name of 2 kinds of metre
3. (linguistics) name of particular feminine stems ending in -ī or -ū (as in नदी (nadī) itself)

Declension

Original Rigvedic declension:

Feminine ī-stem declension of नदी

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	नदीः (nadī́ḥ)	नद्या (nadyā̀)	नद्यः (nadyàḥ)
vocative	नदि (nádi)	नद्या (nádyā)	नद्यः (nádyaḥ)
accusative	नद्यम् (nadyàm)	नद्या (nadyā̀)	नद्यः (nadyàḥ)
instrumental	नद्या (nadyā̀)	नदीभ्याम् (nadī́bhyām)	नदीभिः (nadī́bhiḥ)
dative	नद्ये (nadyè)	नदीभ्याम् (nadī́bhyām)	नदीभ्यः (nadī́bhyaḥ)
ablative	नद्यः (nadyàḥ)	नदीभ्याम् (nadī́bhyām)	नदीभ्यः (nadī́bhyaḥ)
genitive	नद्यः (nadyàḥ)	नद्योः (nadyòḥ)	नदीनाम् (nadī́nām)
locative	नदी (nadī́)	नद्योः (nadyòḥ)	नदीषु (nadī́ṣu)

Later declension:

Feminine ī-stem declension of नदी

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	नदी (nadī́)	नद्यौ (nadyaù) नदी¹ (nadī́¹)	नद्यः (nadyàḥ) नदीः¹ (nadī́ḥ¹)
vocative	नदि (nádi)	नद्यौ (nádyau) नदी¹ (nádī¹)	नद्यः (nádyaḥ) नदीः¹ (nádīḥ¹)
accusative	नदीम् (nadī́m)	नद्यौ (nadyaù) नदी¹ (nadī́¹)	नदीः (nadī́ḥ)
instrumental	नद्या (nadyā́)	नदीभ्याम् (nadī́bhyām)	नदीभिः (nadī́bhiḥ)
dative	नद्यै (nadyaí)	नदीभ्याम् (nadī́bhyām)	नदीभ्यः (nadī́bhyaḥ)
ablative	नद्याः (nadyā́ḥ) नद्यै² (nadyaí²)	नदीभ्याम् (nadī́bhyām)	नदीभ्यः (nadī́bhyaḥ)
genitive	नद्याः (nadyā́ḥ) नद्यै² (nadyaí²)	नद्योः (nadyóḥ)	नदीनाम् (nadī́nām)
locative	नद्याम् (nadyā́m)	नद्योः (nadyóḥ)	नदीषु (nadī́ṣu)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Derived terms

• नादेय (nādeyá)
• नादेयी (nādeyī)

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀈 (ṇaī)
  • Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖜𑖂 (ṇaï)
    • Assamese: নৈ (noi)
  • Odia: ନଈ (nai)
• Maharastri Prakrit:
  • Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘃 (naī)
• → Old Javanese: nadī
  • Javanese: ꦤꦢꦶ (nadi)
• Pali: nadī
• Romani: len
• → Bengali: নদী (nodi) (learned)
• → Gujarati: નદી (nadī) (learned)
• → Hindustani: (learned)

  Hindi: नदी (nadī)

  Urdu: نَدِی (nadī)

• → Kannada: ನದಿ (nadi) (learned)
• → Kashmiri: नदी (nadī) (learned)
• → Malayalam: നദി (nadi) (learned)
• → Marathi: नदी (nadī) (learned)
• → Marwari: नंदी (nandī) (learned)
• → Nepali: नदी (nadī) (learned)
• → Odia: ନଦୀ (nadi) (learned)
• → Punjabi: ਨਦੀ (nadī) (learned)
• → Sindhi: ندي (learned)
• → Tamil: நதி (nati) (learned)
• → Telugu: నది (nadi) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “नदी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 526/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 9
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 324