stoßen
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German stōzen, from Old High German stōzan, from Proto-West Germanic *stautan, from Proto-Germanic *stautaną, from Proto-Indo-European *stówd-e-ti, an o-grade intensive formation from *(s)tewd- (“to hit, push”).
Akin to Old Norse stauta and steyta (whence Danish støde), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin tundo. Compare Sanskrit तुदति (tudáti, “to strike, goad”), तोद (todá, “driver, impeller”). Related to Dutch stoten (“to push, bump”) and dialectal English stot (“to bounce, rebound, ricochet, or make bounce, rebound or ricochet”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]stoßen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present stößt, past tense stieß, past participle gestoßen, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (transitive) to push; to shove; to thrust [auxiliary haben]
- (transitive or reflexive) to bump; to knock; to strike; to hurt [auxiliary haben]
- (reflexive, figuratively) to take exception [with an (+ dative) ‘to something’] [auxiliary haben]
- (intransitive) to jolt; to kick; to thrust [auxiliary haben]
- (intransitive) to bump, to knock [with an or gegen (+ accusative) ‘into/against something’] [auxiliary sein]
- (intransitive) to come across, to happen upon, to stumble [with auf (+ accusative) ‘across/upon something’] [auxiliary sein]
- auf Probleme stoßen ― to run into problems
- (transitive, vulgar) to fuck
- 1969, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Katzelmacher:
- PAUL Eine gute Magd ist sie, das muss man ihr lassen. Hast sie schon gestoßen?
- PAUL She is a good maid, I'll give her that. Have you fucked her yet?
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | stoßen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | stoßend | ||||
past participle | gestoßen | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich stoße | wir stoßen | i | ich stoße | wir stoßen |
du stößt | ihr stoßt | du stoßest | ihr stoßet | ||
er stößt | sie stoßen | er stoße | sie stoßen | ||
preterite | ich stieß | wir stießen | ii | ich stieße1 | wir stießen1 |
du stießest du stießt |
ihr stießt | du stießest1 du stießt1 |
ihr stießet1 ihr stießt1 | ||
er stieß | sie stießen | er stieße1 | sie stießen1 | ||
imperative | stoß (du) stoße (du) |
stoßt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- abstoßen
- aneinanderstoßen
- anstoßen
- aufeinanderstoßen
- aufstoßen
- ausstoßen
- beiseitestoßen
- dazustoßen
- dranstoßen
- draufstoßen
- durchstoßen
- einstoßen
- emporstoßen
- fortstoßen
- gesundstoßen
- herabstoßen
- herausstoßen
- hereinstoßen
- herumstoßen
- herunterstoßen
- hervorstoßen
- hinabstoßen
- hinaufstoßen
- hinausstoßen
- hineinstoßen
- hinunterstoßen
- hinzustoßen
- kugelstoßen
- nachstoßen
- niederstoßen
- rausstoßen
- rumstoßen
- runterstoßen
- Stoß
- Stoßen
- Stoßverkehr
- Stoßzahn
- umstoßen
- vorstoßen
- wegstoßen
- zurückstoßen
- zusammenstoßen
- zustoßen
Further reading
[edit]- “stoßen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “stoßen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “stoßen” in Duden online
- “stoßen” in OpenThesaurus.de
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “stoßen”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
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- German lemmas
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- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
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- German verbs using haben and sein as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
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