Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stautaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *stówd-e-ti, an o-grade intensive formation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stautaną

1. to push, to bump, to jolt

Inflection

Conjugation of *stautaną (strong class 7b)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stautō	*stautaų	—	*stautai	?
2nd singular	*stautizi	*stautaiz	*staut	*stautazai	*stautaizau
3rd singular	*stautidi	*stautai	*stautadau	*stautadai	*stautaidau
1st dual	*stautōz	*stautaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stautadiz	*stautaidiz	*stautadiz	—	—
1st plural	*stautamaz	*stautaim	—	*stautandai	*stautaindau
2nd plural	*stautid	*stautaid	*stautid	*stautandai	*stautaindau
3rd plural	*stautandi	*stautain	*stautandau	*stautandai	*stautaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stestaut	*stestautį̄
2nd singular	*stestaust	*stestautīz
3rd singular	*stestaut	*stestautī
1st dual	*stestautū	*stestautīw
2nd dual	*stestautudiz	*stestautīdiz
1st plural	*stestautum	*stestautīm
2nd plural	*stestautud	*stestautīd
3rd plural	*stestautun	*stestautīn
	present	past
participles	*stautandz	*stautanaz

Related terms

• *stautijaną
• *stautiz
• *stautōną
• *stuntaz (disputed)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stautan
  • Old English: *stēatan
    • Middle English: steten
  • Old Frisian: stēta
    • North Frisian: stiete
    • Saterland Frisian: stete, steete
    • West Frisian: stjitte
  • Old Saxon: stōtan
    • Middle Low German: stôten
      • German Low German: stöten
  • Old Dutch: stōtan
    • Middle Dutch: stôten
      • Dutch: stoten
        • Afrikaans: stoot
      • Limburgish: stoeate
  • Old High German: stōzan
    • Middle High German: stōzen
      • German: stoßen
      • Hunsrik: stose
      • Luxembourgish: stoussen
      • Polish: stosować
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan)