Appendix:Garhwali Swadesh list
This is a Swadesh list of words in Garhwali, compared with definitions in English.
List
[edit]| № | English | Garhwali गढ़वळि (gaṛhvaḷi) edit (94) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I (1sg) | मि (mi) |
| 2 | you (2sg) | तू (tū) (less respect), त्वे (tve), तांउ (tā̃u) (more respect) |
| 3 | he, she, it (3sg) | वु (vu) (distal), ते (te) (distal), सु (su) (distal), स्या (syā) (distal), धै (dhai) (distal), यू (yū) (proximal), या (yā) (proximal) |
| 4 | we (1pl) | हम (ham) |
| 5 | you (2pl) | तांउ (tā̃u) |
| 6 | they (3pl) | वु (vu) (distal), तों (tõ) (distal), धै (dhai) (distal), यू (yū) (proximal), या (yā) (proximal) |
| 7 | this | यू (yū) (proximal), या (yā) (proximal) |
| 8 | that | वु (vu) (distal), धै (dhai) (distal) |
| 9 | here | यख (yakh), इन्नै (innai) (distal), यमां (yamā̃), यमूं (yamū̃) |
| 10 | there | वख (vakh), उन्नै (unnai) (distal), तख (takh), फुन्न (phunn) |
| 11 | who | कु (ku) (?) |
| 12 | what | क्या (kyā), कि (ki) |
| 13 | where | कनै (kanai), कख (kakh), कखम (kakham) |
| 14 | when | कब्बि (kabbi), कब (kab), कैबेर (kaiber), कैबर (kaibar) |
| 15 | how | कन (kan) (what kind of), कनु (kanu) (what kind of), कन्कै (kankai), कन्क्वै (kankvai) |
| 16 | not | न (na), ना (nā) |
| 17 | all | तमाम (tamām), सब्बि (sabbi) |
| 18 | many | भंडि (bhaṇḍi), भंड्या (bhaṇḍyā) |
| 19 | some | जरा (jarā), जरासेक (jarāsek) |
| 20 | few | पिल्लु (pillu), अल्प (alp) |
| 21 | other | हेकु (heku), लुकारू (lukārū), हौर (haur) |
| 22 | one | एक (ek), यऽक |
| 23 | two | द्वि (dvi) |
| 24 | three | तीन (tīn) |
| 25 | four | चार (cār) |
| 26 | five | पाँच (pā̃c) |
| 27 | big | जैठ (jaiṭh), ठुल्लु (ṭhullu) |
| 28 | long | लंबु (lambu) |
| 29 | wide | |
| 30 | thick | मोतु (motu), म्वाटु (mvāṭu) |
| 31 | heavy | गर्रु (garru), गर्रि (garri) |
| 32 | small | छ्वट्टु (chvaṭṭu) |
| 33 | short | |
| 34 | narrow | कोच्यार (kocyār), कुच्यार (kucyār) |
| 35 | thin | कमगैत (kamgait), माडु़, टेसु (ṭesu) |
| 36 | woman | कज्याण (kajyāṇ), ब्यटुल (byaṭul) |
| 37 | man (adult male) | कजे (kaje), आदिम (ādim) |
| 38 | man (human being) | मनखि (mankhi), मणालि (maṇāli), जण (jaṇ) |
| 39 | child | नौना (naunā) |
| 40 | wife | जवैं (java͠i), कजे (kaje), घरवळ (gharvaḷ), खसम (khasam) |
| 41 | husband | कज्याण (kajyāṇ), जोरु (joru), ब्वारि (bvāri), घरवळि (gharvaḷi) |
| 42 | mother | माँ (mā̃), ब्वै (bvai), जिया (jiyā), मैड़ि (maiṛi), मायड़ि (māyṛi) |
| 43 | father | बुबा (bubā), बबा (babā), पिताजी (pitājī) |
| 44 | animal | जानबर (jānbar) |
| 45 | fish | माछु (māchu), माछि (māchi), मच्छि (macchi) |
| 46 | bird | चखुलि (cakhuli), चखुल (cakhul), चखुलु (cakhulu) |
| 47 | dog | कुकुर (kukur), छौलु (chaulu) |
| 48 | louse | |
| 49 | snake | खौऊ (khauū), गुर्रो (gurro) |
| 50 | worm | किदलु (kidlu) (earthworm) |
| 51 | tree | डाळ (ḍāḷ), डाळु (ḍāḷu), डाळा (ḍāḷā) |
| 52 | forest | बण (baṇ), बोण (boṇ) |
| 53 | stick | डंडि (ḍaṇḍi), डंडा (ḍaṇḍā), लट्ठी (laṭṭhī), लांठु (lā̃ṭhu), जाठि (jāṭhi) |
| 54 | fruit | |
| 55 | seed | म्याला (myālā) |
| 56 | leaf | |
| 57 | root | |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | |
| 59 | flower | |
| 60 | grass | घास (ghās), घस्यूड़ (ghasyūṛ) |
| 61 | rope | जुडुखु (juḍukhu), ज्यूडू (jyūḍū) |
| 62 | skin | चाम (cām), चमड़ी (camṛī) |
| 63 | meat | |
| 64 | blood | |
| 65 | bone | हडकी (haḍkī), हडगी (haḍgī), हडुकु (haḍuku), हाड (hāḍ) |
| 66 | fat (noun) | |
| 67 | egg | अंडुरु (aṇḍuru) |
| 68 | horn | |
| 69 | tail | |
| 70 | feather | |
| 71 | hair | ल्वटलि (lvaṭli) (head hair), लटुला (laṭulā), बाळ (bāḷ) |
| 72 | head | बरमंड (barmaṇḍ) (skull), मुण्ड (muṇḍ), कपाळ (kapāḷ) |
| 73 | ear | कन्दूड़ (kandūṛ), कन्याल (kanyāl) |
| 74 | eye | आंखी (āṅkhī) |
| 75 | nose | नक्वड़ी (nakvaṛī), नाक (nāk) |
| 76 | mouth | गिच्च (gicc) |
| 77 | tooth | दांतुड़ी (dāntuṛī), दांत (dānt) |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | जिबड़ी (jibṛī), जीब (jīb) |
| 79 | fingernail | नङ (naṅ) |
| 80 | foot | |
| 81 | leg | खुट्टु (khuṭṭu) (masculine) |
| 82 | knee | घुंड (ghuṇḍ) |
| 83 | hand | हत्थ (hatth) |
| 84 | wing | |
| 85 | belly | लद्वड़ (ladvaṛ) |
| 86 | guts | |
| 87 | neck | मौण (mauṇ), धौंण (dha͠uṇ), गर्दन (gardan) |
| 88 | back | |
| 89 | breast | |
| 90 | heart | जिकुड़ि (jikuṛi) |
| 91 | liver | |
| 92 | to drink | |
| 93 | to eat | |
| 94 | to bite | |
| 95 | to suck | |
| 96 | to spit | |
| 97 | to vomit | |
| 98 | to blow | |
| 99 | to breathe | |
| 100 | to laugh | |
| 101 | to see | |
| 102 | to hear | |
| 103 | to know | |
| 104 | to think | |
| 105 | to smell | |
| 106 | to fear | |
| 107 | to sleep | |
| 108 | to live | |
| 109 | to die | |
| 110 | to kill | |
| 111 | to fight | |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | |
| 114 | to cut | |
| 115 | to split | |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | |
| 118 | to dig | |
| 119 | to swim | |
| 120 | to fly | |
| 121 | to walk | |
| 122 | to come | |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |
| 124 | to sit | |
| 125 | to stand | |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | |
| 127 | to fall | |
| 128 | to give | |
| 129 | to hold | |
| 130 | to squeeze | |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | |
| 133 | to wipe | |
| 134 | to pull | |
| 135 | to push | |
| 136 | to throw | |
| 137 | to tie | |
| 138 | to sew | |
| 139 | to count | |
| 140 | to say | |
| 141 | to sing | |
| 142 | to play | |
| 143 | to float | |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | |
| 147 | sun | |
| 148 | moon | |
| 149 | star | |
| 150 | water | पाणी (pāṇī), उदुड़ (uduṛ) |
| 151 | rain | |
| 152 | river | |
| 153 | lake | |
| 154 | sea | |
| 155 | salt | लूण (lūṇ), नुल्लु (nullu) |
| 156 | stone | |
| 157 | sand | |
| 158 | dust | |
| 159 | earth | |
| 160 | cloud | |
| 161 | fog | |
| 162 | sky | |
| 163 | wind | |
| 164 | snow | ह्यूं (hyū̃), बर्फ (barph) |
| 165 | ice | |
| 166 | smoke | |
| 167 | fire | |
| 168 | ash | |
| 169 | to burn | |
| 170 | road | बाट (bāṭ), सड़क (saṛak) |
| 171 | mountain | |
| 172 | red | रातो (rāto), लाल (lāl) |
| 173 | green | हर्यू (haryū), हरियो (hariyo) |
| 174 | yellow | पीलू (pīlū), पिंग्लू (piṅglū), पिंगली (piṅglī) |
| 175 | white | सफ्येड़ (saphyeṛ) |
| 176 | black | काळू (kāḷū) |
| 177 | night | ब्याओ (byāo) |
| 178 | day | बिनसरि (binasri) |
| 179 | year | विहुट (vihuṭ) |
| 180 | warm | |
| 181 | cold | |
| 182 | full | |
| 183 | new | |
| 184 | old | |
| 185 | good | |
| 186 | bad | |
| 187 | rotten | |
| 188 | dirty | |
| 189 | straight | |
| 190 | round | |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | |
| 193 | smooth | कोंगळा (koṅgaḷā), कुगळा (kugaḷā), मुलैम (mulaim), गदगदि (gadagdi) |
| 194 | wet | गीलु (gīlu), तींदु (tīndu) |
| 195 | dry | उरड़ (uraṛ), अखरौ (akhrau) |
| 196 | correct | मुनासिब (munāsib) |
| 197 | near | न्याड़ (nyāṛ), नजिक (najik) |
| 198 | far | अफार (aphār), दूर (dūr), लंक (laṅk), लंख (laṅkh) |
| 199 | right | |
| 200 | left | |
| 201 | at | |
| 202 | in | मा (mā), भितर (bhitar) |
| 203 | with | दगड़ (dagaṛ), दगुड़ (daguṛ) |
| 204 | and | अर (ar), अणि (aṇi) |
| 205 | if | |
| 206 | because | किलैकि (kilaiki) |
| 207 | name | नौ (nau), नाम (nām) |
References
[edit]- Chakhul Dictionary