दूर
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra), from Sanskrit दूर (dūrá). Also influenced by Classical Persian دور (dūr).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)
- distant, far
- away, off
- वह सौ मीटर दूर खड़ा था।
- vah sau mīṭar dūr khaṛā thā.
- He was standing a hundred meters away.
- इन लड़कों को खेत से दूर रखो।
- in laṛkõ ko khet se dūr rakho.
- Keep these boys off the field.
Usage notes
[edit]दूर (dūr) can be considered an adverb in the same sense as it is considered an adjective.
Noun
[edit]दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)
Derived terms
[edit]- दूरी (dūrī)
References
[edit]- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “दूर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “दूर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dūrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Sanskrit दूर (dūra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]दूर • (dūra)
Further reading
[edit]- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “दूर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- দূৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬹᬭ (Balinese script)
- দূর (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰳𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဒူရ (Burmese script)
- દૂર (Gujarati script)
- ਦੂਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍂𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦹꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂴𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ದೂರ (Kannada script)
- ទូរ (Khmer script)
- ທູຣ (Lao script)
- ദൂര (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡠᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘴𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠤᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧕𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐹𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଦୂର (Odia script)
- ꢣꢹꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆷𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖳𑖨 (Siddham script)
- දූර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩒𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚱𑚤 (Takri script)
- தூ³ர (Tamil script)
- దూర (Telugu script)
- ทูร (Thai script)
- དཱུ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒴𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨃𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós (“long, far away”), from *dweh₂-. Cognate with Old Persian 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 (du-u-r-i-y /dūraiy/, “afar”) (whence Persian دور (dur, “far”)), Avestan 𐬛𐬏𐬭𐬁𐬝 (dūrāt̰, “from afar”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Latin dūrus, Old Armenian երկար (erkar, “long, extended”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]दूर • (dūrá) stem
- distant, far, long, remote
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.29.6:
- पता॑ति कुण्डृ॒णाच्या॑ दू॒रं वातो॒ वना॒दधि॑।
आ तू न॑ इन्द्र शंसय॒ गोष्वश्वे॑षु शु॒भ्रिषु॑ स॒हस्रे॑षु तुवीमघ॥- pátāti kuṇḍṛṇā́cyā dūráṃ vā́to vánādádhi.
ā́ tū́ na indra śaṃsaya góṣváśveṣu śubhríṣu sahásreṣu tuvīmagha. - Let us (adverse) breeze, with crooked course, alight afar off on the forest; Indra, of boundless wealth, enrich us with thousands of excellent cows and horses.
- pátāti kuṇḍṛṇā́cyā dūráṃ vā́to vánādádhi.
- पता॑ति कुण्डृ॒णाच्या॑ दू॒रं वातो॒ वना॒दधि॑।
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दूरः dūráḥ |
दूरौ / दूरा¹ dūraú / dūrā́¹ |
दूराः / दूरासः¹ dūrā́ḥ / dūrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | दूर dū́ra |
दूरौ / दूरा¹ dū́rau / dū́rā¹ |
दूराः / दूरासः¹ dū́rāḥ / dū́rāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | दूरम् dūrám |
दूरौ / दूरा¹ dūraú / dūrā́¹ |
दूरान् dūrā́n |
Instrumental | दूरेण dūréṇa |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹ dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | दूराय dūrā́ya |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरेभ्यः dūrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | दूरात् dūrā́t |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरेभ्यः dūrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | दूरस्य dūrásya |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूराणाम् dūrā́ṇām |
Locative | दूरे dūré |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूरेषु dūréṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of दूरा (dūrā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दूरा dūrā́ |
दूरे dūré |
दूराः dūrā́ḥ |
Vocative | दूरे dū́re |
दूरे dū́re |
दूराः dū́rāḥ |
Accusative | दूराम् dūrā́m |
दूरे dūré |
दूराः dūrā́ḥ |
Instrumental | दूरया / दूरा¹ dūráyā / dūrā́¹ |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूराभिः dūrā́bhiḥ |
Dative | दूरायै dūrā́yai |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूराभ्यः dūrā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | दूरायाः / दूरायै² dūrā́yāḥ / dūrā́yai² |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूराभ्यः dūrā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | दूरायाः / दूरायै² dūrā́yāḥ / dūrā́yai² |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूराणाम् dūrā́ṇām |
Locative | दूरायाम् dūrā́yām |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूरासु dūrā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दूरम् dūrám |
दूरे dūré |
दूराणि / दूरा¹ dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹ |
Vocative | दूर dū́ra |
दूरे dū́re |
दूराणि / दूरा¹ dū́rāṇi / dū́rā¹ |
Accusative | दूरम् dūrám |
दूरे dūré |
दूराणि / दूरा¹ dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹ |
Instrumental | दूरेण dūréṇa |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹ dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | दूराय dūrā́ya |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरेभ्यः dūrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | दूरात् dūrā́t |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरेभ्यः dūrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | दूरस्य dūrásya |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूराणाम् dūrā́ṇām |
Locative | दूरे dūré |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूरेषु dūréṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
[edit]दूर • (dūrá) stem, n
- distance, remoteness
- come from afar
- long way back or from a remote period
Declension
[edit]Neuter a-stem declension of दूर (dūrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दूरम् dūrám |
दूरे dūré |
दूराणि / दूरा¹ dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹ |
Vocative | दूर dū́ra |
दूरे dū́re |
दूराणि / दूरा¹ dū́rāṇi / dū́rā¹ |
Accusative | दूरम् dūrám |
दूरे dūré |
दूराणि / दूरा¹ dūrā́ṇi / dūrā́¹ |
Instrumental | दूरेण dūréṇa |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरैः / दूरेभिः¹ dūraíḥ / dūrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | दूराय dūrā́ya |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरेभ्यः dūrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | दूरात् dūrā́t |
दूराभ्याम् dūrā́bhyām |
दूरेभ्यः dūrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | दूरस्य dūrásya |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूराणाम् dūrā́ṇām |
Locative | दूरे dūré |
दूरयोः dūráyoḥ |
दूरेषु dūréṣu |
Notes |
|
Borrowed terms
[edit]- → Kannada: ದೂರ (dūra)
- → Malayalam: ദൂരം (dūraṁ)
- → Tamil: தூரம் (tūram)
- → Telugu: దూరము (dūramu)
- → Irula: தூர (tūra)
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (dūr)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (dūr)
- Kashmiri: دوٗر (dūr)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
- Phalura: [script needed] (dhūro)
- Savi: [script needed] (duro)
- Shina: [script needed] (dūr)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
- Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (dūr)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dur)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: दुर् (dur)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)
- Marathi: दूर (dūr)
- → Thai: โทร (too-rá-)
- → Khmer: ទូរ (tuu)
- → Lao: ໂທລະ (thō la)
- → Malay: dura
- Pali: dūra
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “दूर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 489/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 739
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dūrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hindi/uːɾ
- Rhymes:Hindi/uːɾ/1 syllable
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi adjectives
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns