Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/duHrás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós (“long, far away”), from *dweh₂-. Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Hittite [script needed] (tūwa, “distant, far”), Latin dūrus, Old Armenian երկար (erkar, “long, extended”).

Adjective

*duHrás

1. distant, far

   Antonym: *Hantikás (“near”)

2. long, remote

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duHrás
  • Sanskrit: दूर (dūrá) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *duHráh
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬛𐬏𐬭𐬁𐬝 (dūrāt̰, “from afar”), 𐬛𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬉 (dūirē), 𐬛𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬈 (dūⁱre)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: لرې (lëre)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Sarikoli: ðar
    • Shughni: ðar
    • → Wakhi: ðir
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:

      Northern Kurdish: dûr

      Central Kurdish: دوور (dûr)

      Southern Kurdish: دۊر (dür)

      Laki: دۊر (dür)

    • Talysh: دور (dur)
    • Zazaki: dur
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 (du-u-r-i-y /⁠dūraiy⁠/)
      • Middle Persian:

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (LHYK', dwl /⁠dūr⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫡 (dwr /⁠dūr⁠/)

        • Persian: دور (dur)
        • Tajik: дур (dur)
• Proto-Nuristani: *dū́ra
  • ⇒ Proto-Nuristani: *upadū́řa (< *upadū́rya)
    • Northern Nuristani:
      • Kamkata-viri:

        Kamviri: badǘř

        Kativiri: badiúř

  • ⇒ Proto-Nuristani: *sudū́ra (“very far”)
    • Southern Nuristani:
      • Ashkun: sëdú (“far”)
      • Tregami: sudú (“far”)
      • Waigali: südi (“far”)