From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of words in Polabian English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Polabianvensťĕ edit (191) 1 I (1sg )joz 2 you (2sg )tåi 3 he , she , it (3sg )vån vånă 4 we (1pl )moi 5 you (2pl )jai 6 they (3pl )vinai 7 this sǫ so sü 8 that tǫ to tü 9 here ar sem 10 there tådĕ tom 11 who kåtü 12 what cü 13 where ťėd 14 when 15 how kăk 16 not ni 17 all vis 18 many vilĕ 19 some baťĕ 20 few betie 21 other drauďĕ 22 one jadån 23 two dåvo 24 three tåri 25 four citĕr 26 five pąt 27 big vilťĕ 28 long dåuďĕ 29 wide bredĕ sarüťĕ 30 thick diťĕ tåustĕ 31 heavy svorĕ 32 small molĕ 33 short korťĕ 34 narrow 35 thin ťånťĕ 36 woman zenă 37 man (adult male)ťarl 38 man (human being)clåvăk 39 child detă 40 wife zenă 41 husband brödegam ťarl 42 mother motai 43 father aită 44 animal sľod 45 fish råibo 46 bird påtinăc 47 dog ṕås 48 louse vås 49 snake god snok 50 worm godĕk 51 tree dǫb 52 forest ľos 53 stick cepăk stok xlǫd 54 fruit sodĕvaină 55 seed semą zot 56 leaf laist 57 root 58 bark (of a tree)sťöră 59 flower kjot 60 grass ziľă 61 rope snör vǫzĕ 62 skin ťüză 63 meat mąsi 64 blood kråi 65 bone ťüst 66 fat (noun)sodlü tauk 67 egg joji 68 horn rüg 69 tail 70 feather perü 71 hair vlås 72 head glåvă 73 ear vaux́ü 74 eye våťü 75 nose nös 76 mouth råt vaustă 77 tooth zǫb 78 tongue (organ)jǫzĕk 79 fingernail nüďėt 80 foot nügă stüpă 81 leg nügă 82 knee ťüľonĕ 83 hand rǫkă 84 wing kraidlĕ 85 belly zaivăt 86 guts crevü 87 neck vojo 88 back grib́åt 89 breast börsťă 90 heart zaivåtăk 91 liver jǫtră 92 to drink pait 93 to eat jest 94 to bite kǫsot 95 to suck såsĕ 96 to spit 97 to vomit bľåvǎ 98 to blow dåmĕ 99 to breathe 100 to laugh sḿot 101 to see vaiʒĕ 102 to hear slåisot 103 to know vedącĕ znot 104 to think denkot 105 to smell vǫsăt 106 to fear bet 107 to sleep såpăt 108 to live zaivĕ 109 to die marĕ 110 to kill aibĕt 111 to fight krigot 112 to hunt jaimăt 113 to hit tåuknĕ 114 to cut krüjĕ rozĕ 115 to split delĕ 116 to stab büst 117 to scratch 118 to dig perråjĕ 119 to swim plajĕ 120 to fly litĕ ľotoją 121 to walk ait x́üdĕt 122 to come komot 123 to lie (as in a bed) lizĕ 124 to sit sedĕ 125 to stand stot 126 to turn (intransitive) vartĕ 127 to fall påknǫt post 128 to give dot 129 to hold dirzĕt 130 to squeeze 131 to rub tarĕ 132 to wash moit 133 to wipe 134 to pull tągnǫt 135 to push dovĕt 136 to throw virďăt 137 to tie v́ǫzăt 138 to sew sajĕ 139 to count catĕ 140 to say gornĕt 141 to sing ṕot 142 to play jaigrot 143 to float plaut 144 to flow ticĕ 145 to freeze marznĕ 146 to swell 147 sun vedrü 148 moon laună 149 star gjozdă 150 water vådă 151 rain dåzd 152 river rekă 153 lake 154 sea mărai 155 salt süli 156 stone komoi 157 sand ṕosăk 158 dust 159 earth ziḿă 160 cloud tǫco 161 fog ḿåglă 162 sky nebü 163 wind v́otĕr 164 snow sneg 165 ice led 166 smoke dåim 167 fire viďėn 168 ash püpel 169 to burn ďöret 170 road pǫt 171 mountain ďöră 172 red carvenĕ 173 green grönĕ 174 yellow galě 175 white b́olĕ 176 black cornĕ 177 night nüc 178 day dan 179 year ľotü 180 warm teplĕ 181 cold zaimnĕ 182 full påunĕ 183 new frišĕ nüvĕ 184 old storĕ 185 good dübrĕ 186 bad bözĕ x́audĕ 187 rotten gnålĕ 188 dirty x́örĕ porenĕ 189 straight likenĕ 190 round rǫtĕ 191 sharp (as a knife)šarp 192 dull (as a knife)193 smooth gloťĕ 194 wet mükrĕ 195 dry saux́ĕ 196 correct 197 near blaizĕk 198 far dolĕk 199 right provĕ 200 left levĕ 201 at ai prai 202 in vå 203 with så 204 and ă 205 if 206 because 207 name jaimă jaimą
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template )
