vis

See also: Vis, vís, viš, víš, -vis, Vis., and вис

English

Etymology 1

From Latin vis.

Noun

vis (plural vires)

1. Force; energy; might; power.

Derived terms

• vis absoluta
• vis activa
• vis a tergo
• vis comica
• vis compulsiva
• vis impressa
• vis inertiae
• vis major
• vis medicatrix naturae
• vis mortua
• vis motrix
• vis passiva
• vis vitae
• vis vitalis
• vis viva

 

Related terms

• vim
• virial

Etymology 2

Noun

vis

1. Abbreviation of viscount.

Etymology 3

From Tamil வீசை (vīcai) and/or Telugu వీసె (vīse).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɪs/
• Rhymes: -ɪs

Noun

vis (plural visses)

1. Alternative spelling of viss

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

• viz

Adjective

vis (not comparable)

1. Clipping of visual.

Verb

vis (third-person singular simple present vises, present participle vising, simple past and past participle vised)

1. Clipping of visualize.

Noun

vis (plural vises)

1. Clipping of visualization.
2. Clipping of visual.
3. Clipping of visibility.

Derived terms

• hi-vis
• pre-vis

 

Anagrams

• ISV, IVs, SIV

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch vis, from Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fəs/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

vis (plural visse, diminutive vissie)

1. fish (aquatic organism)
   • 1998, Trompies (lyrics and music), “Kom Push”, in Shosholoza:

     Ons gaan die vis vang

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (collective) fish (multiple fish collectively)

Related terms

• visser

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *uitśi-(ā), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”). Cognate to Sanskrit विश् (víś, “settlement, community, tribe”), Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house”), Latin vicus (“village”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vis]

Noun

vis m (plural vise, definite visi, definite plural viset)

1. place
2. land
3. country

Declension

Declension of vis

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	vis	visi	vise	viset
accusative		visin
dative	visi	visit	viseve	viseve
ablative			visesh

Derived terms

• visele

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvɪs]
• Rhymes: -ɪs
• Homophone: viz

Verb

vis

1. second-person singular imperative of viset

Anagrams

• vsi

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin vādō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /βis/

Verb

vis

1. (first-person singular indicative present) of zer

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse vís (in ǫðru vís(i) "otherwise"), from Proto-Germanic *wīsō, *wīsǭ (“manner”). Cognate with Norwegian vis, Swedish vis, English wise, Dutch wijze and German Weise. Another variant of the same word is Danish vise (“song”), Swedish visa, from Old Norse vísa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʋiːˀs]
• Rhymes: -iːˀs

Noun

vis c

1. manner, way

   Altså må jeg finde æblerne på anden vis.

   In conclusion, I must find the apples some other way.

Derived terms

• -vis

References

“vis,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 2

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz (“wise”). Cognates include Norwegian vis, Swedish vis, English wise, and German weise.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʋiˀs]
• Rhymes: -iːˀs

Adjective

vis

1. wise

Inflection

Inflection of vis

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	vis	visere	visest2
indefinite neuter singular	vist	visere	visest2
plural	vise	visere	visest2
definite attributive1	vise	visere	viseste

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

References

“vis,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 3

From Old Norse viss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz, cognate with Norwegian viss, Swedish viss, German gewiss.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʋes]
• Rhymes: -es

Adjective

vis (neuter vist, plural and definite singular attributive visse)

1. sure, certain

   den visse død

   certain death

2. certain, a

   En vis Hr. Broholm vil tale med Dem.

   A mr. Broholm wishes to speak with you.

References

“vis,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʋiˀs]
• Rhymes: -iːˀs

Verb

vis

1. imperative of vise

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɪs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: vis
• Rhymes: -ɪs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

Noun

vis m (plural vissen, diminutive visje n)

1. (countable) fish (aquatic organism)
2. (uncountable) fish (quantity of the above seen as catch, product, meat)

Alternative forms

• visch (before 1934)

Derived terms

• aasvis
• anemoonvis
• aprilvis
• bakvis
• beenvis
• boter bij de vis
• brakwatervis
• bruinvis
• clownvis
• egelvis
• goudvis
• inktvis
• klipvis
• kogelvis
• kookvis
• kraakbeenvis
• lintvis
• lipvis
• longvis
• mossel noch vis
• platvis
• potvis
• riviervis
• roofvis
• schelvis
• schorpioenvis
• slijmvis
• steenvis
• stokvis
• vijlvis
• vinvis
• visarend
• visbestand
• visdief
• visgraat
• visolie
• vispopulatie
• visrijk
• vissaus
• vissen
• vissenrijk
• vissoep
• visstand
• vissterfte
• visstick
• visvangst
• visvervanger
• visvijver
• visvork
• vlees noch vis
• vliegende vis
• walvis
• witvis
• zeevis
• zoetwatervis
• zoutwatervis
• zwaardvis

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: vis
• Berbice Creole Dutch: fesi
• Jersey Dutch: väśe
• Negerhollands: visch, vesch, fes, fis, vis
  • → Virgin Islands Creole: fis (dated)
• Skepi Creole Dutch: fesi, fisse, fiche
• Petjo: fis
• →? Aukan: fisi

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vis

1. inflection of vissen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French viz, from Latin vītis f (“vine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vis/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: vice, vices, visse, vissent, visses

Noun

vis f (plural vis)

1. screw (metal fastener)

Derived terms

• dévisser
• serrer la vis
• tournevis
• visser

Descendants

• → Catalan: vis
• → Dutch: vijs f
• → Vietnamese: vít

Etymology 2

See vivre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi/
• Homophones: vie, vies, vit, vît

Verb

vis

1. inflection of vivre:
   1. first/second-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular present imperative

Etymology 3

See voir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi/
• Homophones: vie, vies, vit, vît

Verb

vis

1. first/second-person singular past historic of voir

Further reading

• “vis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

See also

• vis-à-vis

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /u̯iːs/, [u̯iːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vis/, [vis]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *wīs, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”), Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “enjoyment, vigor, youth, age”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).

Noun

vīs f (irregular, genitive *vīs); third declension

1. force, power, strength, vigor, faculty, potency

   Synonyms: rōbur, ops, vehementia

   • Sit vīs tēcum.

     May the Force be with you.

2. (in the plural) strength, might (physical)

   omnibus vīribus ― with all his strength; with all her might; with all their force

3. violence, assault

   Synonyms: aggressiō, impressiō, assultus, invāsiō, concursus, impetus, appetītus, occursiō, oppugnātiō, incursus, incursiō, petītiō, ictus, procella

   • the Wikipedia page Martin Luther on Catholic church reform

     Nōn vī, sed verbō.

     Not through violence, but the word.

   ad vim atque ad arma confugere ― appeal to violence and fighting

4. (figuratively) meaning, significance, nature, essence and value of a word
5. (figuratively) assault, affront
6. (figuratively) quantity, flood
7. (New Latin, physics) energy, force

Usage notes

• The genitive and dative singular are not in common use (with exceptional attestations being analogical) and substituted with forms of rōbur (rōboris, rōborī).
• The plural forms of this noun are often treated as a separate plurale tantum noun, with a distinct meaning of physical force. An analogical nominative/accusative vīs is occasionally found, beginning with Lucretius.

Declension

Third-declension noun (irregular, defective).

	singular	plural
nominative	vīs	vīrēs
genitive	*vīs	vīrium
dative	*vī	vīribus
accusative	vim	vīrēs vīrīs
ablative	vī	vīribus
vocative	vīs	vīrēs

Derived terms

• vindex
• violēns/ violentus
• violō

Descendants

• → English: vis, vim

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁si, second-person singular present of *wéyh₁ti. This particular form is suppletive, in contrast to the other forms of volō, which derive from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. (Proto-Italic *wels became a separate word (vel (“or, and/or”), to be specific) in Latin.)

Verb

vīs

1. second-person singular present active indicative of volō

Derived terms

• quantusvīs
• sī vīs
• quīvīs

References

• “vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• vis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur
    
  • straight on: rectā (viā)
    
  • to wish any one a prosperous journey: aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
    
  • to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
    
  • as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
    
  • to burst into a flood of tears: lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere
    
  • to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    
  • to lay hands on oneself: manus, vim sibi afferre
    
  • to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
    
  • to have considerable influence on a question: magnam vim habere ad aliquid
    
  • to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    
  • to wish prosperity to an undertaking: aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
    
  • to honour, show respect for, a person: aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
    
  • there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence: res spectat ad vim (arma)
    
  • to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...)
    
  • to possess presence of mind: praesenti animo uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
    
  • to behave with cruelty: crudelitate uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
    
  • to use insulting expressions to any one: contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
    
  • to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui
    
  • to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui
    
  • to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21)
    
  • to meet force by force: vim vi depellere
    
  • to meet force by force: vi vim illatam defendere
    
  • to vote (in the popular assembly): suffragium ferre (vid. sect. VI. 4, note Not sententiam...)
    
  • to accuse a person of violence, poisoning: accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis
    
  • to procure a very large supply of corn: frumenti vim maximam comparare
    
  • by force of arms: vi et armis
    
  • to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3)
    
  • to have recourse to force of arms: ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...)
    
  • to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare
    
  • (ambiguous) the frost set in so severely that..: tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut
    
  • (ambiguous) bodily strength: vires corporis or merely vires
    
  • (ambiguous) to gain strength: vires colligere
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose strength: vires aliquem deficiunt
    
  • (ambiguous) as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
    
  • (ambiguous) to become old and feeble: vires consenescunt
    
  • (ambiguous) vivid, lively imagination: ingenii vis or celeritas
    
  • (ambiguous) what do you mean to do: quid tibi vis?
    
  • (ambiguous) oratorical power: vis dicendi
    
  • (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi?
    
  • (ambiguous) the fundamental meaning of a word: vis et notio verbi, vocabuli
    
  • (ambiguous) enthusiasm: ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior
    
• “vis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “vis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• “vis”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

Further reading

• Vis medicatrix naturae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Latvian

Particle

vis (invariable)

1. Used to strengthen denying of the verb

   nav vis ― not at all

   es neiešu vis ― I shall not go

Adverb

vis

1. very, most (synonym of word pats)

Middle French

Alternative forms

• viz

Etymology

From Old French vis.

Noun

vis m (plural vis)

1. face

Descendants

• French: vis

Norman

Verb

vis

1. first-person singular preterite of vaie

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss.

Adjective

vis (neuter singular vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visere, indefinite superlative visest, definite superlative viseste)

1. wise

Derived terms

• visdom

Etymology 2

Verb

vis

1. imperative of vise

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋiːs/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz. Akin to English wise.

Adjective

vis (neuter vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visare, indefinite superlative visast, definite superlative visaste)

1. wise

   Han er ein vis mann.

   He is a wise man.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsō. Akin to English wise.

Noun

vis f or m or n (definite singular visen or visa or viset, indefinite plural visar or viser or vis, definite plural visane or visene or visa)

1. a way, manner

   Synonym: måte

   Dette har vore gjort på ulike vis.

   This has been done in different ways.

   Her gjer med det på dette viset.

   We do it in this manner here.

Usage notes

• The by far most common gender in use is neuter.

Inflection

Historical inflection of vis indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural Aasen1 Vis f Visi Viser Viserna 1901 viser (visir) viserne (visine) 1917 visa, visi viser visene2 1938 visa [visi] 1959 vis m, f or n visen; visa [visi]; viset visar; viser; vis visane; visene; visa [visi] 2012 (current) vis m, f or n visen; visa; viset visar; viser; vis visane; visene; visa Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. 2Form was allowed for schoolchildren as of 1910.

Etymology 3

Verb

vis

1. imperative of visa

References

• “vis” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• siv, svi

Old French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin vīsus m.

Noun

vis oblique singular, m (oblique plural vis, nominative singular vis, nominative plural vis)

1. (anatomy) face

   Synonyms: visage m, face f

2. opinion

Descendants

• French: visage m, avis m

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

vis

1. inflection of vif (“alive”):
   1. oblique plural
   2. nominative singular

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin vitis f (“vine”).

Noun

vis oblique singular, f (oblique plural viz, nominative singular viz, nominative plural vis)

1. screw

Descendants

• French: vis f
  • → Catalan: vis
  • → Dutch: vijs f
  • → Vietnamese: vít
• → Middle English: vis, vys
  • English: vise, vice (British English)
    • → Japanese: バイス
• → Irish: bís, vís

Further reading

• Etymology 1: “vis-à-vis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin vītis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vis/

Noun

vis f (plural vis)

1. vine

Polabian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvis/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *vьśь.

Pronoun

vis m

1. all

Alternative forms

• vės

Declension

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Noun

vis f

1. axis

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

References

• Lehr-Spławiński, Tadeusz (1994) Słownik etymołogiczny języka drzewian połabskich. Zeszyt 6. (in Polish), Warszawa: Energia, pages 991-992.

Portuguese

Adjective

vis

1. masculine/feminine plural of vil

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vīsum.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

vis n (plural visuri or vise)

1. dream; vision

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	vis	visul		visuri	visurile
genitive-dative	vis	visului		visuri	visurilor
vocative	visule			visurilor

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	vis	visul		vise	visele
genitive-dative	vis	visului		vise	viselor
vocative	visule			viselor

Related terms

• visa
• vedea

See also

• вис (vis) (Moldavian spelling)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vysь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋîːs/

Noun

vȋs m (Cyrillic spelling ви̑с)

1. (expressively, in the literature) height

   dići u vis ― to raise, elevate

   skok u vis ― high jump

2. summit (of a hill)

Declension

Declension of vis

	singular	plural
nominative	vȋs	vísovi
genitive	visa	visova
dative	visu	visovima
accusative	vis	visove
vocative	vise	visovi
locative	visu	visovima
instrumental	visom	visovima

References

• “vis”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /viːs/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”).

Adjective

vis (comparative visare, superlative visast)

1. wise

   en vis man

   a wise man

   gammal och vis

   old and wise

Usage notes

"De tre vise männen (“the three wise men”)" uses an archaic weak masculine plural form vise.

Declension

Inflection of vis

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	vis	visare	visast
neuter singular	vist	visare	visast
plural	visa	visare	visast
masculine plural2	vise	visare	visast
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	vise	visare	visaste
all	visa	visare	visaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Derived terms

• visdom

See also

• klok

Etymology 2

From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsą. Cognate with Old English wise, archaic English wise.

Noun

vis n

1. (usually with på) a way (manner in which something is done or happens)

   Near-synonym: sätt

   Det fungerade inte, så vi får göra på något annat vis

   It didn't work, so we'll have to do it some other way

   Hon gör det på sitt eget lilla vis

   She does it in her own little way

   Det ska inte gå att göra mål på det viset

   It should be impossible to score like that [in that way]

   disco på finskt vis

   disco the Finnish way

   ... på så vis att ...

   ... in such wise that ... [archaic English – "... in such a way that ..."]

Declension

Declension of vis

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	vis	vis
	definite	viset	visets
plural	indefinite	vis	vis
	definite	visen	visens

Derived terms

• på så vis
• på sätt och vis

See also

• sätt
• -vis

References

• vis in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• vis in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• vis in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• Siv

Zealandic

Etymology

From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

Noun

vis m (plural [please provide])

1. fish