Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péysks
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Limited to West Indo-European, which has led to some speculation of a substrate borrowing. Alternatively reconstructed as a vṛddhi derivative of a sḱ-present verb:
- *peyḱsḱ- (“something painted, spotted”), from *piḱ-sḱé-ti, from *peyḱ- (“to paint, mark; spotted”), compare semantics of Ancient Greek πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”), Old Irish erc (“perch”), Proto-Germanic *furhnō (“trout”), from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“colored, speckled”);[1]
- *peytsḱ- (“something nourishing, food”), from *pit-sḱé-ti, from *péyh₂tu (“something fattening, nourishing”), cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *piHtú (“fat; food”), Proto-Slavic *piťa (“food”);[2][3]
- *peysḱ- (“something winged, finned”), cognate with Sanskrit पिच्छ (piccha, “tail feather, wing”), Czech pisk (“young feather”),[4][5] perhaps further related to Proto-West Germanic *finnā (“fin”), Latin pinna (“wing, feather, fin”), from *(s)peyh₂-; also compare semantics of Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “feather, wing, fin”), Sanskrit पक्ष (pakṣa, “wing, fin”);
- or *peysḱ- (“something soft tissued”), cognate with Sanskrit पिच्छ (piccha, “calf (of the leg)”), compare semantics of Proto-Slavic *jьkra (“fish roe; calf of leg”), Dutch kuit (“fish roe; calf of leg”).[1]
Noun
[edit]- (West Indo-European) fish
- Synonym: *dʰǵʰu- (eastern dialects, not including Albanian and Indo-Iranian)
Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *péysks | ||
| genitive | *piskés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *péysks | *péyskh₁(e) | *péyskes |
| vocative | *péysk | *péyskh₁(e) | *péyskes |
| accusative | *péyskm̥ | *péyskh₁(e) | *péyskm̥s |
| genitive | *piskés | *? | *piskóHom |
| ablative | *piskés | *? | *piskmós, *piskbʰós |
| dative | *piskéy | *? | *piskmós, *piskbʰós |
| locative | *péysk, *péyski | *? | *pisksú |
| instrumental | *piskéh₁ | *? | *piskmís, *piskbʰís |
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Descendants
- *péysk-o-s[6][5]
- *pisk-í-s[5]
- Proto-Italic: *piskis[8]
- Latin: piscis
- Aragonese: pex
- Aromanian: peashti, peashte, peshti
- Catalan: peix
- Corsican: pesciu
- Dalmatian: pasc, pask
- Friulian: pes
- Istriot: piso
- Istro-Romanian: peșt
- Italian: pesce
- Ladin: pësc
- Ligurian: péscio
- Lombard: pès
- Megleno-Romanian: peaști
- Neapolitan: pesce
- Occitan: peis
- Old French: poisson, peison, peisoun, peisun, peisson, peissoun, peissun, pescion, poissoun (see there for further descendants)
- Old Galician-Portuguese: peixe, pexe, peyxe
- Old Leonese: [Term?]
- Old Spanish: pez
- Spanish: pez
- Piedmontese: pess
- Romagnol: pèṣ
- Romanian: pește
- Romansch: pèsch, pesch (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader), pestg (Sutsilvan)
- Sardinian: pisci (Campidanese), pische (Logudorese, Nuorese)
- Sicilian: pisci
- Venetan: pése, pésse, pisse
- → Albanian: peshk
- → Proto-Brythonic: *pɨsk (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: piscis
- Proto-Italic: *piskis[8]
- *pisk-ó-s[6][5]
- Proto-Germanic: *fiskaz
- Proto-West Germanic: *fisk
- Old Norse: fiskr
- Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (fisks)
- Crimean Gothic: fisct
- Proto-Germanic: *fiskaz
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The template Template:R:TOitPIEatPIEw does not use the parameter(s):
section=9.4
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 146: “*pik̂sk̂os ‘fish’ […] The Indic cognate is semantically far removed but is commonly justifed[sic] on the widespread folk association of the calf of the leg with the belly of a fish filled with roe.” - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Fisch”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN: “ie. *peitsk-, *pitsk-”
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970) “Fisch”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 216: “*peits-ko-”
- ^ Fick, August (1890–1909) “pisk”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 482
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fiska-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 142: “*pisk-o-; *pisk-i-; *peisk-o-”
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “peisk-, pisk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 796: “*piskos; *peiskos”
- ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2241: “*pei̯sk-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “piscis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page PIt. *piski-; PIE *pisk-; *peisko-; *pisko- of 467-468